Older Persons

Question 1

CGA

Answer 1

comprehensive geriatric assessment

Question 2

CGA considerations

Answer 2

functional status
co-morbidities 
cognition
nutrition 
poly-pharmacy
social support + mental status

Question 3

CGA cycle

Answer 3

assessment > problem list > goal identification > care plan > interventions > regular planned r/v

Question 4

CFS

Answer 4

Clinical frailty scale

Question 5

CFS 1

Answer 5

very fit

Question 6

CFS 2

Answer 6

well

Question 7

CFS 3

Answer 7

managing well

Question 8

CFS 4

Answer 8

vulnerable

Question 9

CFS 5

Answer 9

mild frailty

Question 10

CFS 6

Answer 10

moderate frail

Question 11

CFS 7

Answer 11

severely frail

Question 12

CFS of robust, active, energetic
and motivated individual
exercise often and among fittest in age range

Answer 12

1 very fit

Question 13

CFS of individual with no active disease
symptoms
exercise very occasionally

Answer 13

2 well

Question 14

CFS of people whose medical problems
are well controlled, but are not regularly active
beyond routine walking

Answer 14

3 managing well

Question 15

CFS of individual not dependent on others for
daily help, often symptoms limit activities
“slow” / “tiredness” often

Answer 15

4 vulnerable

Question 16

CFS of individual with more
evident slowing, and need help in high order IADLs
impaired shopping, meal prep, housework, walking outside alone

Answer 16

5 mildly frail

Question 17

CFS of individual who needs help with all
outside activities and with keeping house
eg. bathing / stairs

Answer 17

6 moderately frail

Question 18

CFS of individual completely dependent for
personal care
not at risk of dying, stable condition

Answer 18

7 severely frail

Question 19

CFS of individual completely dependent
approaching end of life
typically wouldn’t recover from minor illness

Answer 19

8 very severely frail

Question 20

CFS of individual approaching end of life
not otherwise evidently frail
<6 months life expectancy

Answer 20

9 terminally ill

Question 21

four factors of assessing capacity

Answer 21

• understand information relevant to decision
• retain information
• use information to make a decision
• communicate a decision

Question 22

CFS 8

Answer 22

very severely frail

Question 23

CFS 9

Answer 23

terminally ill

Question 24

what common medications can cause constipation

Answer 24

opiates

Question 25

common causes of constipation in older people

Answer 25

poor mobility
poor oral intake
hypercalcemia
hypokalemia
hypomagnesia
hypothyroidism 
mechanical obstrcution
IBD
neurological dysfunction

Question 26

management of constipation

Answer 26

IV fluid resuscitation
OT referral
assess psychological status
PR enema
soft stool: enema
hard stool: stimulant laxatives / bulk forming / faecal softener

Question 27

side effects of anticholinergics

Answer 27

hot as a hare (increased body temp)
dry as a bone (dry eyes, dry mouth, decreased sweat, UR)
blind as a bat (dilated pupils)
red as a beet (flushing)
mad as a hatter (delirium)

Question 28

common anticholinergics

Answer 28

antipsychotics, benztropine, atropine and antihistamines

Question 29

overactive bladder pharmacological treatment

Answer 29

antimuscarinics
mirabegron
desmopressin (nocturia)