Miscellaneous Flashcards
indications for nutritional support
BMI < 18.5 kg/m^2
unintentional weight loss of > 10% in 3-6 months
BMI of < 20 kg/m^2 + unintentional weight loss of greater than 5% in 3-6 months
refeeding syndrome definition
potentially fatal shifts in electrolytes following feeding in malnourished individuals (^ protein intake than before)
refeeding syndrome predispositions
low energy diet obese + sudden, profound weight loss stress malabsoptive syndrome (IBD / pancreatitis) anorexia
how can refeeding syndrome be prevented?
prophylactic vitamin B + thiamine
complications of blood transfusions
clotting abnormalities
electrolyte abnormalities
acute haemolytic reaction
transfusion associated circulatory overload
transfusion related acute lung injury (acute respiratory distress syndrome)
what are respiratory and physiological post-operative complications
DVT / PE pressure ulcers XS fluid production (mediastinal surgeries) > acute respiratory distress syndrome inflammation infection compartment syndrome
vitamin B12 anaemia picture
microcytic anaemia
erythromycin effect on other drugs
potent hepatic enzyme inhibitor > drug toxicity
eg. digoxin, phenytoin, lithium, warfarin and theophylline
warfarin route of administration
oral
warfarin moa
vitamin K antagonist
acts on extrinsic clotting pathway
warfarin effect on renal function
no effect
warfarin indications
DVT / PE treatment
stroke prevention in AF
prevention of recurrent TIA / stroke
VTE prevention post prosthetic heart valve
assessment of pancreatic function
clinical judgement
faecal elastase
raised faecal calprotein
gastrointestinal inflammation
perforations causing retroperitoneal free air
3rd part of duodenum
ascending colon
descending colon
sepsis definition
life threatening organ dysfunction caused by abnormal and uncontrolled host response to an infection
septic shock definition
sepsis with hypotension despite aggressive fluid resuscitation
first line antibiotic in MRSA infection
vacomycin
first line antibiotic in ? sepsis
meropenem
first line antibiotic in acute bacterial prostatitis
ciprofloxacin
penetrates prostate well
causes of post operative fever
wind water wound walking wonder drugs
first line antibiotics for large anastomotic leak
meropenem
tazocin
first line antibiotic for staph aureus wound infection post operatively
flucloxacillin PO 500mg QDS for 5 days
red flags of back pain
TUNAA FISH trauma unexplained weight loss neurological sx age > 50 fever intravenous drug use steroid use hx of ca
first line antibiotic for osteomyelitis
IV flucloxacillin
complications of osteomyelitis
sepsis
recurrent infection
chronic osteomyelitis
growth disturbances in children
first line antibiotics in patient with septic arthiritis
flucloxacillin IV
first line antibiotics in patient with septic arthritis and first line contraindication
ie. penicillin allergy
= clindamycin
urinary tract tubercolosis presentation
travel history flank pain dysuria polyuria haematuria X renal calculi on XR KUB X pregnancy
risk factors of Forier’s gangrene
= necrotising fasciitis of scrotum and perineal area DM alcohol XS poor nutrition steroid use malignancies trauma
most common organism in lactational mastitis
staphylococcus aureus
RFs of pilonidal sinus
sedentary
poor hygeine
obesity
male
haemophilia A inheritance pattern
X linked recessive
haemophilia A diagnosis
Factor VIII assay
haemophilia A management
minor bleeds - desmopressin
major bleeds - recombinant factor VIII
haemophilia B inheritance pattern
X lined recessive