Orthopaedic X-rays - Hoffman Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between radiopaque and radiolucent?

A

Radiopaque – relative impenetrability to X-rays

Radiolucent – relative penetrability to X-rays

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2
Q

What is the metaphysis and diaphysis?

A

Metaphysis is the end of a long bone

Diaphysis is the shaft of the bone

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3
Q

What is the epiphysis and epiphyseal plate?

A

Epiphyseal plate = the growth plate

Epiphysis = area of the bone on the outer edge adjacent to the epiphyseal plate

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4
Q

What is a fracture?

A

Definition – a complete disruption in the continuity of a bone

A radiolucent line on X-ray

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5
Q

What are the indirect signs of a fracture?

A
Soft-tissue swelling
Obliteration or displacement of fat stripes
Periosteal and endosteal reaction
Buckling of the cortex
Double cortical line
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6
Q

What is the difference between displacement fracture and angulation fracture?

A

displacement moves away from the midline

Angulation means the 2 pieces of bone are now at an angle toward each other rather than parallel.

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7
Q

What does varis and valgus mean in reference to angulation?

A

valgus - fractured ends point toward midline

varis - fractured ends have angle pointing away from the midline

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8
Q

The radiographic diagnosis of arthritis is based on:

A

The morphology of an articular lesion

Its distribution in the skeleton

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9
Q

Signs of osteoarthritis?

A
Marginal osteophytes
Cortical irregularity
Subchondral sclerosis
Subchondral cysts
Joint space narrowing
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