Anterior Leg and Foot - Acht

Question 1

What 3 muscles insert on the pes anserinus?

Answer 1

Semitendinosus
Sartorius
Gracilis

Question 2

What bursa is directly under the pes anserinus and can be irritated in those with tight hamstrings?

Answer 2

anserine bursa

Question 3

4 muscles of the anterior compartment of leg?

Answer 3

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis tertius

Question 4

Action of fibularis tertius?

Answer 4

weak everter of the foot

Question 5

What nerve travels down the leg with the anterior tibial artery?

Answer 5

deep fibular nerve

Question 6

Exensor hallicus longus, extensor digitorum longus, and extensor digitorum brevis. Which are instrinsic foot muscles?

Answer 6

Just the extensor digitorum brevis!

Question 7

After a days of skiing, you notice pain in the dorsum of the foot that radiates to the web space between your 1st and 2nd toes. What’s going on?

Answer 7

Ski boot syndrome
or
Deep fibular Nerve Entrapment

This is caused by compression of the deep fibular nerve deep to the inferior band of the extensor retinaculum and the extensor hallucis brevis. Associated with edema in anterior compartment of leg.

Question 8

What are the 5 P’s of arterial occlusion?

Answer 8

Pain
Pallor
Paresthesia 
Paralysis
Pulselessness

Question 9

What sort of injury would cause a steppage gate or foot drop?

Answer 9

An injury to the common fibular nerve

(results in an inability to dorsiflex and evert the foot)
This makes it impossible to keep your foot from dropping and dragging without lifting it higher than normal

Question 10

Which muscle both dorsiflexes and inverts the foot?

Answer 10

Tibialis anterior!

Question 11

The ankle is most commonly injured major joint in the body. Sprained ankles are nearly always inversion injuries. Which of the following ligaments is likely to be injured in this type of sprain?

Anterior talofibular
Anterior talotibial
Posterior talofibular
Posterior tibiotalar
Tibiocalcaneal

Answer 11

Anterior talofibular

Question 12

Eversion takes place at which ankle joint?

Answer 12

Subtalar

Question 13

How many phalanges does a human have on each foot?

Answer 13

14

Question 14

What does the anterior tibial artery becomes once it hits the foot?

Answer 14

dorsalis pedis

Question 15

What are the two structures called that hold the extensor tendons close to the bone?

Answer 15

Superior and inferior extensor retinaculum

Question 16

A knee fracture or fibular neck fracture from kickboxing will likely damage which nerve?

Answer 16

The common fibular nerve!

Question 17

Where does the extensor digitorum brevis insert and what is its action?

Answer 17

Inserts into proximal phalanx

Helps extend the toes at MP and IP joints

Question 18

What muscles of what compartment perform eversion and weak plantar flexion?

Answer 18

Fibularis longus

Fibularis Brevis

Question 19

Where do the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis insert?

Answer 19

Fibularis longus inserts into the base of the 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform.

Fibularis brevis inserts on the base of the 5th metatarsal.

Question 20

the biceps femoris is split in two by what ligmanet?

Answer 20

The fibular collateral ligament

Question 21

The medial meniscus is attached frmly to what ligament?

Answer 21

Tibial collateral ligament

Question 22

Functions of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments?

Answer 22

Anterior cruciate (weaker)

• Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia (hyperextension)
• Common injury in ski accidents

Posterior cruciate

• Stronger of the two
• Prevents anterior displacement of femur or posterior displacement of tibia

Surgery on isolated cruciate tears is usually not done; the strength of quads is then very important

Question 23

What physical test is used to evaluate the anterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 23

Anterior drawer sign

Question 24

What physical test is used to evaluate the posterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 24

posterior drawer sign

Question 25

Are the cruciate ligaments inside or outside the knee joint capsule and synovial membrane?

Answer 25

The cruciate ligaments are inside the capsule but outside of the synovial membrane

Question 26

What are the 4 parts of the deltoid ligament of the ankle? What is the sprain called in this area?

Answer 26

1. Anterior tibiotalar
   2. Tibionavicular
   3. Tibiocalcaneal
2. Posterior tibiotalar

Would be an eversion sprain

Question 27

What is Pott’s fracture?

Answer 27

Occurs when the foot is forcibly everted.

The deltoid ligament is stretched often causing the medial malleolus to avulse; the lateral progression of the talus may fracture the fibula above the tibiofibular joint.

Question 28

What is the lateral collateral ligament made up of?

What kind of sprain would happen here?

Answer 28

1. Anterior Talofibular
2. Calcaneofibular
3. Posterior Talofibular

Inversion sprain!

Question 29

Inversion of eversion sprain more common

Answer 29

inversion! (especially talofibular ligament)