Orofacial- Midterm Flashcards
The oral mucosa is composed of _____________ epithelium and connective tissue
stratified squamous epithelium
= layer of dead cells no nuclei
a) Keratinized
b) Non-keratinized
c) Parakertinized
Keratinized
= cells that are alive (have nuclei)
a) Keratinized
b) Non-keratinized
c) Parakertinized
Non-keratinized
= dead and dying cells with and without nuclei
a) Keratinized
b) Non-keratinized
c) Parakertinized
Parakertinized
Masticatory Mucosa is comprised of the ________ & _________.
gingiva and hard palate
Thi mucosa is firm, thick & immovable & keratinized.
A) Masticatory
B) Lining
C) Specialized
Masticatory
This mucosa is loose, flexible, and unattached tissue & non-keratinized
A) Masticatory
B) Lining
C) Specialized
Lining mucosa
Lining mucosa is found in what 4 areas of the mouth
- labial/buccal (cheek) mucosa
- Alveolar Mucosa
- Soft palate
- ventral surface of tongue/floor of
mouth
Specialized mucosa is found where
On the dorsal of the tongue
Gingiva is divided into what 2 groups
Free gingiva
Attached gingiva
Free gingiva and attached gingiva combine to form the peak of gingiva that extends coronally between teeth
Interdental papilla
part of the interdental papilla that is apical to the contact area and connects the facial and lingual interdental papillae.
The col
The col is
A) Keratinized
B) Non-keratinized
Non-keratinized
Average depth of sulcus when measured
with a periodontal probe is about
1-3mm
The sulcus is
A) Keratinized
B) Non-keratinized
Non-keratinized
At the bottom of the sulcus is where the
gingiva attaches to the tooth
Attachment epithelium
Interdental papilla is to
prevent food from impacting interproximally beneath the contact areas of teeth
__________ is one of the first areas involved in
periodontal disease; it becomes swollen and blunted
Interdental papilla
Tightly attached to the underlying
connective tissue and bone
Attached gingiva
The first sign of periodontal disease is the loss of
Stippling
The normal colour of this gingiva
Coral or pink
In a diseased state, gingiva might become what color
Red, white or blushish
________ is the line between alveolar mucosa and attached gingiva
Mucogingival junction
3 types if glands
- Parotid
- Submandibular
- Sublingual
Only produces 25% of total resting salivary
volume
- Parotid
- Submandibular
- Sublingual
Parotid
Secrete a thin, watery serous secretion
- Parotid
- Submandibular
- Sublingual
Parotid
What is the largest of all glands
- Parotid
- Submandibular
- Sublingual
Parotid
Parotid gland =
A) Stenson’s duct
B) Whartons duct
C) Bartholins duct
Stenson’s duct
Produces 60-65% of resting saliva
- Parotid
- Submandibular
- Sublingual
Submandibular
Mixed gland – serous and mucous
- Parotid
- Submandibular
- Sublingual
Submandibular
Duct opens in sublingual caruncle at the
base of the lingual frenum in floor of mouth
- Parotid
- Submandibular
- Sublingual
Submandibular
Smallest of the 3 pairs of glands
- Parotid
- Submandibular
- Sublingual
Sublingual
Produces 10% of saliva
- Parotid
- Submandibular
- Sublingual
Sublingual
Each tooth has a ______ & a _______ portion.
Crown & root
The crown is covered by
Enamel
The root is covered with
Cementum
The crown and root are joined at the
CEJ - Cementoenamel junction
the whole crown of the tooth that is covered by enamel (regardless of whether it is erupted)
A) anatomical crown
B) clinical crown
Anatomical crown
the part of the crown that is visible above the gingiva.
A) anatomical crown
B) clinical crown
Clinical crown
The line formed by the junction of the cementumand the enamel is called the
Cervical line or CEJ
_________ of a tooth is the moving of that tooth through its surrounding tissues so that the clinical crown gradually appears longer.
Eruption
division of a root into 2 segments
Bifurcation
division of a root into 3 segments
Trifurcation
Between the roots
Furcal region
The portion of the jaw that supports
the teeth is called the ______
Alveolar process
The bony socket in which the tooth fits
is called the
Alveolus
What are the 4 tooth tissues
- Enamel
- Dentin
- Cementum
- Dental pulp (soft tissue)
The outer surface of the anatomic crown is formed by
Enamel
Hardest tissue in the human body
Enamel
Forms the main portion or body of the tooth
Dentin
Underneath enamel and cementum
Dentin
Dentin in capable of adding to itself, creating
Secondary dentin
Covers the root in a non perfect layer
Cementum
Main function: to provide a medium for
attachment of the tooth to the alveolar
bone
A) cementum
B) enamel
C) pulp
D) dentin
Cementum
T/F: Cementum is thin at cervical line, thicker at apex
True
__________is the union of cementum and dentin
Dentinocementum junction
Cells that produce cementum are called
cementoblasts
2 types of cementum
- Acellular
- Cellular
Housed in center of tooth
Pulp
Nourishing, sensory, dentin-reparative
system of tooth
Pulp
dentin forming cells that surround pulp
Odontoblasts
The chief function of odontoblasts is to
lay down primary, secondary, and
reparative dentin
2 divisions of pulp
- Pulp chamber
- Pulp canals
pulp chamber + pulp canals =
Pulp cavity
4 types of teety
- Incisors
- Canines
- Premolars
- Molars
The 3 basic food processing functions of
the teeth are
- cutting
- holding / grasping
- grinding
How many incisors are there
8 - 4 top, 4 bottom.
Incisors are designed to
Cut
How many canines are there
4 - 2 top, 2 bottom
Canines are designed to
Hold, grasp or tear
are the longest teeth in the human dentition
Canines
They are some of the best anchored teeth because they have the longest roots
Canines
_________ canines have the longest roots of the entire dentition
Maxillary
How many pre molars
8 - 4 top, 4 bottom.
Pre molars are designed to
Hold and grind food
How many molars
12- 6 on top, 6 on bottom
Molars are designed to
Chew or grind food
faces the tongue (surface)
Lingual
faces the cheek (surface)
Facial (buccal or labial)
2 types of proximal surfaces
- Mesial
- Distal
biting/chewing surfaces of posterior teeth
Occlusal
biting/chewing surfaces of anterior teeth
Incisal
Lines called ____________ form when these lobes fuse together
developmental grooves
Anterior teeth have ______ facial lobes & ______ lingual lobes.
3 facial, 1 lingual
Max premolars have ______ facial lobes & ______ lingual lobes.
3 facial lobes, 1 lingual lobe
MAX 1st molars have ______ facial lobes & ______ lingual lobes. And can have an extra lingual cusp.
2 facial lobes, 2 lingual lobes and can have 1 extra lingual lobe
T/F: The lingual cusp of the mand 1st premolars are smaller than max pre molars
True
MAND 1st premolars have ______ facial lobes & _______ lingual lobes.
3 facial lobes, 1 lingual lobe
MAND 1st molars have ______ facial lobes & ______ lingual lobes.
3 facial lobes, 2 lingual lobes
Max 2nd molars have ______ facial lobes & ______ lingual lobes.
2 facial lobes and 2 lingual lobes
T/F: Max 2nd molars are smaller in proportion to max 1st molar
True
Extra cusp
Carabelli
Tubercles
small elevations of enamel on some portion of the crown of a tooth
Tubercles
fossa
lingual fossa
cingulum
depression of concavity on a tooth
Fossa
Lingual lobr of maxillary anterior teeth
cingulum
small pinpoint hole anywhere in the enamel
Pits
maginal ridge
transverse ridge
Developmental groove
Junction of 2 surfaces
Line angle
point where 3 surfaces meet
Point angle
At about ______ weeks in utero the tongue starts to develop
4½
Philtrum
Rugae
incisive papilla
torus
Fovea palatine
Posterior pillar / palatopharngeal
Anterior pillar / palatoglossal
Fauces
Sublingial caruncle
Sublingual fold
Frimbiated fold
circumvallate papillae
filiform papillae
fungiform papillae
Foliate papillae
Suplimental groove
concavities
triangular ridge
Transverse ridge
fissure
V-shaped row facing posteriorly of
circular raised elevations
Divides Posterior 1/3 and ant 2/3
a) circumvallate
b) Filiform
c) Fungiform
d) Foliate
Circumvallate
Anterior 2/3 of tongue,
Tiny, round, red, raised, spots
a) circumvallate
b) Filiform
c) Fungiform
d) Foliate
Fungiform
anterior 2/3 of tongue
Slender, threadlike, pointed projections
No taste buds
Tactile sensation
a) circumvallate
b) Filiform
c) Fungiform
d) Foliate
Filiform
Posterior 1/3 of tongue and on lateral (side) surfaces, close to vallate papillae
Few taste buds, not well developed
a) circumvallate
b) Filiform
c) Fungiform
d) Foliate
Foliate
Functions of the teeth
Protect the oral cavity
Chew food
Aid in digestive system
Communication
the general arrangement of
teeth
Dentition
How many primary teeth
20 deciduous or
“baby” teeth
How many teeth in the secondary dentition
32 permanent teeth
comprises some permanent teeth and some deciduous teeth
Mixed dentition
A primary quadrant has how many teeth
5
Succedaneous Teeth
refers to the permanent teeth which
succeed or replace the deciduous
(primary) teeth
Nonsuccedaneous Teeth
refers to the teeth which do not succeed
or replace any deciduous teeth
Ex: the permanent molars all 6’s,7’s,8’s
a dentition which contains both primary/ deciduous and
secondary/ permanent teeth
Mixed dentition
soft tissue that develops into a tooth
Tooth germ / tooth buds
tooth buds begin to grow
during 6th week of fetal life
early tooth socket
Crypt
During the 6th week of fetal life _______ & _______ begin to form followed by ______.
Dentin and enamel followed by cementum
Secondary dentin is produced _____ root formation or completion
a) before
b) after
after
Primary teeth begin to calcify by the ____ or ____ month of fetal life
4th or 5th month of fetal life
hardening of tooth tissues by the
deposition of mineral salts
Calcification
Each tooth begins to develop from 4 or more growth centres
These centres grow out from the tooth germ and are known as
Deveopmental lobes
The fusion of lobes is called
COALESCENCE
The junction that forms the union of lobes is marked by lines on the tooth called
DEVELOPMENTAL
GROOVES
Maxillary premolars have ____ facial lobes and __ lingual lobes
3 facial lobes and 1 lingual
_____facial lobes form one high buccal cusp
3
The lingual cusp of the mandibular 1st premolars are ______ than the maxillary 1st premolars
a) smaller
b) larger
Smaller
Mandibular 2nd premolars are special because they can have ____ or ______ cusps
2 or 3 cusps
2 cusp varieties of mandibular 2nd premolars
“U”, “H”, & “C”
3 cusp varieties of mandibular 2nd premolars
“Y”
When do 1st molars erupt
14-18 months
When do canines erupt
17-23 months
When do second molars erupt
23-31 months
Which arch starts to erupt first?
Mandibular
T/F: Teeth erupt in pairs
True
T:F: Teeth erupt earlier in girls than boys
True
The first teeth to appear in the mouth are usually the
mandibular central incisors
The teeth that usually erupt second
maxillary central incisors
Which teeth erupt 3rd
Mand lateral incisors followed by Max lateral incisors
As the teeth erupt and meet their opposing tooth in the opposite arch, they form what is known as the
Oclusal plane
When are the permanent 1st molars erupted
6-7 years
T/F: When the first permanent molar erupts, the period of primary
dentition ends
TRUE
At what age does mixed dentitions start
age 6
