origins of conflict Flashcards
who came up with the idea of a jewish homeland
Theodor Herzel : in a book called “the Jewish state” 1896
what are jews in favour of a jewish homeland called
zionists
between 1880 and 1914 how many jews settled in Palestine
60000
when was the Balfour declaration
November 1917
what was the Balfour Declaration
a letter from the British foreign secretary (lord Balfour) showing support for a jewish homeland ,
why was the Balfour Declaration made
the British wanted the USA to join them in ww1 and they believed jews could put pressure on the gov
what was the catch with the Balfour declaration
they called it a “national home” not a state
what was the Arab nationalist manifesto
a document calling for independence from the turks and unity among Arabs
when was the Arab nationalist manifesto
1913
why did the British show support for the Arabs independence in during ww1
Turkey was a German ally and they didn’t want them to block their oil supply from the Middle East
when and how did the British show support for Arab independence
1915 “ Great Britain is Prepared to support the independence of Arabs” ~ British high commissioner in Egypt
when was the Arab revolt founded
1916
what was the Arab revolt
an army raised by Prince Faisal with the help of Lawrence of Arabia
how did the Arab revolt help gain independence from the turks
1918 the Arab revolt was given permission by Britain to take Damascus in Syria from Turkey
what was the Skyes-Picot agreement
a secret agreement signed by the British and the French to split Turkey’s Arab lands and share them
when was the Skyes-Picot agreement
1916
what were the reasons for the Skyes Picot agreement
- Britain wanted to maintain strong ties with France during the war
- They both had trading links in the east
- they wanted to protect the Suez Canal
when was Britain given mandates over the east
1919 at the treaty of Versailles
how did the British manage the mandates immediately after getting them
- 1921 Britain allows France to invade Syria and dethrone Faisal
- the British make Faisal king of Iraq and recognise Abdullah as leader of Transjordan
when did the LON confirm British rule in Palestine
1922
how did the Arabs feel about the British being given mandates
they felt they had just traded the turks for the British
why did the Arabs think the British favoured the jews
at Versailles a British jew was asked what was meant by a jewish national home and he said “to make Palestine as jewish as England is English” but he made sure not to use the word state
when did violence start
1921 in Jaffa and tel Aviv between rival jewish groups and jews and Arabs
how many casualties were there in 1921
200 jews and 120 jews
what did Churchill say about the Balfour Declaration
1921 : “it is not my wish” to change it
how did the jewish population grow after ww1
in the 10 years after ww1 the jewish population doubled and by 1929 there were 100000 more jews than in 1919
why was there tension in 1929
over who controlled Jerusalem
when did jews start fleeing Germany
1933 when Hitler came to power
what was the effect of nazi anti-Semitism
450000 jewish immigrants by 1939
what was the dilemma with immigration during the 1930’s
- the British knew limiting immigration would make the Arabs happy but make the international community mad because of the human rights violations in Germany
when did the Arab rebellion start
April 1936 attacks on jews started and by summer it was a civil war
how did Britain react to the Arab rebellion
they hanged Arab leaders and destroyed houses with suspected terrorists and they Trained the jewish defence forced , Haganah
when was the peel commission
1937
what was the peel commission
recommendation to partition palestine
how did the Arabs react to the peel commission
they rejected it
how did the jews react to the peel commission
they wanted more land
when is the Arab rebellion stopped
1939
when was the white paper issued
1939
why is the white paper issued
to keep the Arab countries on Britain’s side for the approaching ww2 for oil
what are the term of the white paper
- Palestine will be independent in 10 years
- 100000 jewish immigrants allowed per year
25000 refugees per year
-no more jews after 5 years unless Arabs allow
