Organizational Leadership - Contemporary Theories (6)

Question 1

Personal Meaning

Answer 1

Is the degree to which people’s lives make emotional sense and to which the demands confronted by them are perceived as being worthy of energy and commitment

Is the work-life balance
* The achievement of equilibrium in personal and official life

Question 2

Charisma (as defined by Weber)

Answer 2

Influence based on follower’s perception that a leader is endowed with the gift of divine inspiration or supernatural qualities

Question 3

Charisma (as defined by the authors)

Answer 3

Is “a social construct between the leader and follower, in which the leader offers a transformative vision or idea which exceeds the status quo and then convinces followers to accept this course of action not because of its rational likelihood of success, but becaue of their implicit belief in the extraordinary qualities of the leader”.

*Charismatic leaders are usually Transformative but not all Transformative leader are charismatic

Question 4

Effects of Charismatic Leadership on the Followers

Answer 4

‣ Trust the “rightness” of the leader’s vision
‣ Unconditionally accept the leader
‣ Strong loyalty and obedience to the leader
‣ Follower desire to align their beliefs, self-concept, cognitions, and values with those of the leader

Question 5

Charisma: A Double-Edged Sword

Answer 5

1. Not all charismatic leaders are good leaders
2. Differentiating between positive and negative charisma
   ➢ Requires considering the motive driving the charismatic leader’s behavior:
   ∴Self-glorification ⇒ Negative (destructive charisma)
   ∴Self-transcendence ⇒ Positive (constructive charisma)

Question 6

Qualities of a Charismatic Leader

Answer 6

◦ Vision
◦ Superb Communication skills
◦ Self-confidence and moral conviction
◦ Ability to inspire trust
◦ Ability to inspire others
◦ High risk orientation
◦ High energy and action oriented
◦ Self-promoting personality
◦ Minimal internal conflict
◦ Relational power base

Question 7

Transformational vs Transactional Leadership

Answer 7

Transformational leadership
❀ Are influential, inspirational, and charismatic

❀ Inspire followers to go beyond self-interest and act for the good of the organization ⇒ collective interests instead of self-interest

❀ Serves to change the status quo by articulating to followers the problems in the current system and a compelling vision of what a new organization could be

Transactional leadership
❀ Are task-reward oriented, structure and passive ⇒ caters to followers’ self-interest

❀ Seeks to maintain stability within an organization through economic and social exchanges that achieve specific goals for both the leaders and their followers

❀ Is positively related to individual, group and organizational performance

Question 8

Transformational vs Transactional Leadership

Answer 8

Despite the differences, effective leaders exhibit both transactional and transformation leadership skills in appropriate situations

Question 9

Dimensions of Transformational Leadership

Answer 9

Four I’s
➊ Idealized influence (charisma)
➋ Inspirational motivation
➌ Individual consideration
➍ Intellectual stimulation

Question 10

The Transformation Process

Answer 10

1. Make a compelling case for change
2. Inspire a shared vision
3. Lead the transition
4. Implant the change