Leadership Traits & Ethics (3)

Question 1

Traits

Answer 1

Are distinguishing personal characteristics

Question 2

Traits Theory

Answer 2

Leaders are born

Question 3

Personality

Answer 3

Is a combination of traits that classifies an individual’s behaviour
Is developed based on genetics and environmental factors

Question 4

Why is it important to understand Personality ?

Answer 4

Personality affects behaviour, perceptions and attitudes.
Knowing a person’s personality can help to explain and predict behaviour and job performance.

Question 5

Why Executives become derailed

Answer 5

• Adopt a bullying leadership style
• Being viewed as cold, aloof, and arrogant
• Betraying personal trust
• Being regarded as self-centred, overly ambitious and thinking of the next job
• Over managing and unable to delegate or build a team

Question 6

What are the Big Five Model of Personality ?

Answer 6

• Surgency/Extraversion
• Adjustment/Neuroticism
• Agreeableness
• Consciousness
• Openess to Experience

*CEO/senior level look at surgency and openness to experience
*Surgency has the highest correlation with leadership

Question 7

Leadership Traits in Surgency/Extraversion

Answer 7

• Dominance (wants to be in charge)
• Extraversion (outgoing)
• Energy/Determination

Question 8

Leadership Traits in Agreeableness

Answer 8

• Sociability (have a lot of friends)
• Sensitivity (requires empathy)
• Emotional Intelligence

• Self-awareness
  Being conscious of your own emotions and how they affect your personal and professional life
• Social awareness
  Is the ability to understand others
• Self-management
  Is the ability to control disruptive emotions
• Relationship management
  Is the ability to work well with others

Question 9

Leadership Traits in Adjustment/Neuroticism

Answer 9

• Emotional Stability
• Self-confidence (trust own judgements, decisions, ideas, capabilities)

Question 10

Leadership Traits in Conscientiousness

Answer 10

• Dependability
Willing to work hard and put in the extra time and effort to accomplish goals - also known as organization citizenship behaviours

• Integrity
Honest, ethical, trustworthy

*Conscientiousness is best categorised as self-confidence

Question 11

Leadership Traits in Openess to Experience

Answer 11

• Flexibility
Ability to influence others about change

• Intelligence
Ability to think critically, solve problems and make decisions
The best indicator of job performance

• Locus of control
Internal = believe yourself is in control
External = believe in fate, luck

Question 12

Leadership Attitudes + theories

Answer 12

Are positive or negative feelings about people, things, and issues

• Theory X and Theory Y
• Pygmalion Effect
• Self-Concept

Question 13

Theory X and Theory Y

Answer 13

Attempt to explain and predict leadership behaviour and performance based on the leader’s attitude about followers

Theory X Attitude
- Employees dislike work
- Employees must be closely supervised
- Managers display more coercive, autocratic leadership
- Managers use external means of control i.e threats and punishments

Theory Y Attitude
- Employers like to work
- Employees do not need to be closely supervised
- Managers display more participative leadership
- Managers use internal motivation and rewards

Question 14

The Pygmalion Effect

Answer 14

• Leader’s attitude and expectations of followers influence/can explain or predict followers’ behaviour and performance.
• “If you think you can, you can. If you think you can’t, you can’t.”

Question 15

Concepts of Self

Answer 15

• Self-Concept
Refers to positive or negative attitudes people have about themselves

• Self-Efficacy
Is the belief in one’s own capability to perform in a specific situation

• Self-Confidence
The belief that one can be successful

*All three are closely related

Question 16

Theory X&Y + Positive/Negative Self-Concept

Answer 16

See image in camera roll

Question 17

Who is more susceptible to unethical behaviour

Answer 17

•Emotionally unstable
•External locus of control

Question 18

Moral Development

Answer 18

Refers to understanding the right from wrong and choosing the right thing to do

Question 19

Levels of Personal Moral Development

Answer 19

Pre-conventional
Based on self interest (self-gain over all others)

Conventional
Based on expectations of others (succumb to peer pressure)

Post-conventional (most preferred)
Based on universal principles of right and wrong regardless of the leader or group’s expectations

Question 20

Justifying Unethical Behaviour

Answer 20

Moral Justification
Is the thinking process of rational using why unethical behaviour is used

Question 21

Guides to Ethical Behaviour

Answer 21

Golden rule - “Do unto others as you want them to do unto you.”

The Four-Way Test
- Is it the truth?
- Is it fair to all concerned?
- Will it build goodwill and better friendship?
- Will it be beneficial to all concerned?

Question 22

Stakeholder Approach to Ethics

Answer 22

• Creating a win-win situation for relevant parties affected by the decision
• “Am I proud to tell relevant stakeholders my decision?”