Leadership Traits & Ethics (3) Flashcards
Traits
Are distinguishing personal characteristics
Traits Theory
Leaders are born
Personality
Is a combination of traits that classifies an individual’s behaviour
Is developed based on genetics and environmental factors
Why is it important to understand Personality ?
Personality affects behaviour, perceptions and attitudes.
Knowing a person’s personality can help to explain and predict behaviour and job performance.
Why Executives become derailed
• Adopt a bullying leadership style
• Being viewed as cold, aloof, and arrogant
• Betraying personal trust
• Being regarded as self-centred, overly ambitious and thinking of the next job
• Over managing and unable to delegate or build a team
What are the Big Five Model of Personality ?
- Surgency/Extraversion
- Adjustment/Neuroticism
- Agreeableness
- Consciousness
- Openess to Experience
*CEO/senior level look at surgency and openness to experience
*Surgency has the highest correlation with leadership
Leadership Traits in Surgency/Extraversion
• Dominance (wants to be in charge)
• Extraversion (outgoing)
• Energy/Determination
Leadership Traits in Agreeableness
• Sociability (have a lot of friends)
• Sensitivity (requires empathy)
• Emotional Intelligence
- Self-awareness
Being conscious of your own emotions and how they affect your personal and professional life - Social awareness
Is the ability to understand others - Self-management
Is the ability to control disruptive emotions - Relationship management
Is the ability to work well with others
Leadership Traits in Adjustment/Neuroticism
• Emotional Stability
• Self-confidence (trust own judgements, decisions, ideas, capabilities)
Leadership Traits in Conscientiousness
• Dependability
Willing to work hard and put in the extra time and effort to accomplish goals - also known as organization citizenship behaviours
• Integrity
Honest, ethical, trustworthy
*Conscientiousness is best categorised as self-confidence
Leadership Traits in Openess to Experience
• Flexibility
Ability to influence others about change
• Intelligence
Ability to think critically, solve problems and make decisions
The best indicator of job performance
• Locus of control
Internal = believe yourself is in control
External = believe in fate, luck
Leadership Attitudes + theories
Are positive or negative feelings about people, things, and issues
- Theory X and Theory Y
- Pygmalion Effect
- Self-Concept
Theory X and Theory Y
Attempt to explain and predict leadership behaviour and performance based on the leader’s attitude about followers
Theory X Attitude
- Employees dislike work
- Employees must be closely supervised
- Managers display more coercive, autocratic leadership
- Managers use external means of control i.e threats and punishments
Theory Y Attitude
- Employers like to work
- Employees do not need to be closely supervised
- Managers display more participative leadership
- Managers use internal motivation and rewards
The Pygmalion Effect
- Leader’s attitude and expectations of followers influence/can explain or predict followers’ behaviour and performance.
- “If you think you can, you can. If you think you can’t, you can’t.”
Concepts of Self
• Self-Concept
Refers to positive or negative attitudes people have about themselves
• Self-Efficacy
Is the belief in one’s own capability to perform in a specific situation
• Self-Confidence
The belief that one can be successful
*All three are closely related
Theory X&Y + Positive/Negative Self-Concept
See image in camera roll
Who is more susceptible to unethical behaviour
•Emotionally unstable
•External locus of control
Moral Development
Refers to understanding the right from wrong and choosing the right thing to do
Levels of Personal Moral Development
Pre-conventional
Based on self interest (self-gain over all others)
Conventional
Based on expectations of others (succumb to peer pressure)
Post-conventional (most preferred)
Based on universal principles of right and wrong regardless of the leader or group’s expectations
Justifying Unethical Behaviour
Moral Justification
Is the thinking process of rational using why unethical behaviour is used
Guides to Ethical Behaviour
Golden rule - “Do unto others as you want them to do unto you.”
The Four-Way Test
- Is it the truth?
- Is it fair to all concerned?
- Will it build goodwill and better friendship?
- Will it be beneficial to all concerned?
Stakeholder Approach to Ethics
- Creating a win-win situation for relevant parties affected by the decision
- “Am I proud to tell relevant stakeholders my decision?”
