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Neuroanatomy Exam 1 > Organization of the Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Organization of the Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

Cervical enlargement of the spinal cord is due to

A

innervation of the upper limb

C5-T1

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2
Q

Lumbosacral enlargement of the spinal cord is due to

A

innervation of the lower limb (L2-S3)

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3
Q

C1 - C7 spinal nerves emerge

A

above the corresponding numbered vertebrae

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4
Q

C8 spinal nerves emerge between

A

C7 v and T1 v

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5
Q

T1 spinal nerves and below emerge

A

caudal to the corresponding numbered vertebrae

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6
Q

C1 and coccygeal spinal nerves have

A

ventral root (motor) fibers ONLY

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7
Q

Cauda Equina

A

Consists of dorsal and central roots of the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves

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8
Q

Spinal level =

A

a region of the spinal cord that is between two intervertebral foramen

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9
Q

A pair of dorsal and ventral roots (spinal nerve) exit the vertebral column via

A

corresponding intervertebral foramen

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10
Q

Spinal cord of embryo is

A

same length as vertebral column

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11
Q

Vertebral column and dura mater grow at a ____ rate compared to the spinal cord

A

faster

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12
Q

24 week fetus, where is the caudal end of the spinal cord

A

level S1 vertebrae

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13
Q

In newbron, spnal cord ends at

A

L2 or L3 vertebrae

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14
Q

In the adult the spinal cord ends at

A

the inferior border of L1 vert

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15
Q

In the adult, the dura and arachnoid end at

A

S2 vertebrae

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16
Q

The pia forms the

A

filum terminale which extends and attaches to periosteum of the first coccygeal vert

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17
Q

Lumbar puncuture safely performed where

A

In adult, caudal tip of spianl cord may extend to space btw L2 and L3 vert
So safe puncture in space btw 4 and 5

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18
Q

Spinal cord consists of

A

gray and white matter

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19
Q

Gray matter of spinal cord is the

A

butterfly shape in center
Contains primarily nerve cell bodies and neuroglia
Synaptic contacts occur here
It is arranged into nuclei - collections of nerve cell bodies

20
Q

The gray matter of the spinal cord consists of:

A
  1. Dorsal horn
  2. Intermediate zone
  3. Lateral horns
  4. Ventral horns Laminae of Rexed
  5. Distinctive columns of neurons
21
Q

dorsal horns contain

A
  1. Central processes of pseudounipolar neurons whose cell bodies are in the DRG
  2. Tract cells whose axons form ascending tracts
  3. Axon terminal of descending tracts
  4. Interneurons
22
Q

intermediate zone contains

A
  1. interneurons which are local circuitry neurons
23
Q

Lateral horns contain

A
  1. preganglionic sympathetic nerve cell bodies

2. Present at T1-L2/3 spinal cord levels

24
Q

Ventral horns contain

A
  1. motor neurons whose axons innervate skeletal muscle
  2. Their medial region contains motor neurons that innervate axial muscles
  3. their lateral region contains motor neurons that innervate limb muscles
25
Q

Laminae of Rexed

A

10 layers of neurons in the spinal cord gray matter, each layer forming a longitudinal column

26
Q

Lamina II

A

substantia gelatinosa
Contains interneurons which play a role in modulation of nociceptive transmission
filters the pain that we feel to prevent it all from reaching higher brain centers and entering conciousness

27
Q

Laminae 4, 5, 6

A

Nucleus proprius

COntains the neurons of the spinothalamic tract

28
Q

Lamina 9

A

contains motor neurons whose axons run in peripheral nerves to innervat skeletal muscle

29
Q

Intermediolateral cell column

A

corresponds to lateral horn
Column of autonomic neurons in the T and upper L segements of the spinal cord
Contains the cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons

30
Q

Nucleus Dorsalis

A

Clarkes Column
A column of neurons in the T and upper L segments
Origin of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract

31
Q

Sacral autonomic nucleus

A

column of neurons in the mid sacral segments

contains cell bodies of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons

32
Q

White matter

A

Surrounds gray matter
Consists mainly of myelinated axons and neuroglia
Tract, Fasiculus, commissure

33
Q

Naming tracts

A

Tracts that originate in spinal cord and ascend –> Name starts with spino
Tracts that arise in higher brain ceters or the brainstem and descend to synapse in the spinal cord –> name ends in spinal

34
Q

White matter consists of

A
  1. Dorsal funiculus
  2. Lateral funiculus
  3. Ventral funiculus
  4. Ventral white commissure
  5. Dorsolateral tract
35
Q

Dorsal Funiculus

A 
Fasciculus gracilis (medially)
Fasciculuc cuneatus (laterally)
Relays discriminative touch, vibratory sense, position sens and light touch sensation from the body
36
Q

Lateral Funiculus

A

Lateral corticospinal tract - motor
Rubrospinal tract - motor
Dorsal spinocerebellar tract - position sense
Lateral spinothalamic tract - paint, temp, touch
Ventral spinocerebrellar tract - position sense

37
Q

Ventral funiculus

A

Anterior corticospinal ract - motor

38
Q

Ventral White commissuure

A

decussating (crossing) axons

39
Q

Dorsolateral Tract

A

Btw tip of dorsal horn and spinal cord surface
Consists of central processes of sensory unipolar neurons relaying pain and temp sensation from the body
contains short ascending and short descending fibers

40
Q

Most whte matter is found in the

A

cervical region and the least in lumbosacral

41
Q

Why more white matter in cervical?

A

more and more axons joining the ascending tracts and starting at cervical region, descending axons leave the descending tracts to terminate at lower cord levels and therefore deplete the white matter

42
Q

Descending tracts become progressively ___ as they descend

A

thinner

As mroe and more fibers exit the tract to terminate and synapse

43
Q

Ascending tracts become progressively ___ as they ascend

A

thicker

as more and more fibers are added to the tract to ascend to the brain

44
Q

General functions of the spinal cord

A

.1. Receives sensory input from somatic and visceral structures of the body and either prodesses it at the spinal level or relays it to higher centers via ascending tracts

  1. Contains cell bodies of motor neurons whose axons innervate skeletal muscle with motor innervation
  2. Contains cell bodies of autonomic neurons involved in innervation of smooth, cardian, glands
  3. Contains nerons involved in reflex activity
  4. Carries axons of long descending motor tracts that influence spinal cord motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscle of UL, trunk, LL
45
Q

complete transection of the cord at upper cervical levels results in

A

Quadriplegia
Loss of sensation below level of lesion (below neck)
Loss of motor function below lesion (both arms and legs paralyzed)

46
Q

Complete transection of the cord btw C and LS enlargements

A

Paraplegia
Loss of sensation below level of lesion (loss of both leg sens)
Loss of motor fun below level of lesion
(both legs paralyzed)

47
Q

Lesion at lower level and all sacral spinal

A

Damage motor neurons and parasympathetic neurons

bowel, urinary, genital organs impacted

Neuroanatomy Exam 1 (9 decks)

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