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Neuroanatomy Exam 1 > Gross Brain and Brainstem > Flashcards

Gross Brain and Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

Gyrus

A

elevations

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2
Q

Sulci

A

shallow depressions

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3
Q

Fissure

A

deep depressions

Major ones = longitudinal and transverse

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4
Q

Cerebral hemispheres

A

2 - divided by longitudinal fissure

floor is corpus callosum

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5
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

learned bx, primary motor cortex, contains Brocas area (speech)

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6
Q

Aspects of frontal lobe

A
  1. Central sulcus
  2. Lateral cerebral sulcus
  3. Precentral Gyrus - Primary motor cortex
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7
Q

Parietal Lobes

A

Primary somesthetic area, association area involved in somatosensory func, integration of auditory, visual and somatosensory information

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8
Q

Aspects of Parietal lobes

A
  1. Postcentral gyrus - primary somatosensory cortex
  2. Parieto-occipital sulcus (medial surface of cerebral cortex) - parieto-occiptal notch seen on superolateral surface of the cerebral cortex
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9
Q

Temporal Lobes

A

Wernickes area (comprehension), reading ability, understanding and speaking written word

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10
Q

Aspects of temporal lobes

A

primary auditory cortex - cortex within the lateral cerebral sulcus

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11
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Primary visual cortex and association visual areas

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12
Q

Primary visual cortex

A

(occ lobe) - Calcarine Fissure - divides cuneate gyrus superiorly from the lingual gyrus inferiorly

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13
Q

Insula Lobe

A

Visceral function
Hidden cortex deep in lateral cerebral cortex
Taste func and other visceral func, maybe empathy too

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14
Q

Limbic Lobe

A

Vital survival portion of brain, memory

Observed on medial surface of cerebral cortex

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15
Q

Lateral Sulcus

A

separates frontal from temporal lobes

Sylvius

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16
Q

Central Sulcus

A

separates frontal from occipital

Rolando

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17
Q

Precentral Gyrus

A

Motor

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18
Q

Postcentral Gyrus

A

Sensory

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19
Q

Parieto-occipital Sulcus

A

Separates occipital and parietal

midsaggital surface to see

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20
Q

Calcarine Sulcus

A

Primary visual cortex on either side

Where beam of light is being projected to

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21
Q

Cingulate Gyrus –> parahippocampal gyrus –> uncus

A

limbic lobe
Cingulate is above corpus callosum
Hippocampus and amygdala may be included too

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22
Q

Basal Nuclei

A

ganglia
collections of cell bodies deep within the cerebrum
Associated with movement
Caudate nucleus, lentiform nuclei (putamen and globus pallidus), subthalamus, and substantia nigra

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23
Q

Diencephalon

A 
Collections of cell bodies deep in cerebral hemispheres
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus
Epithalamus
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24
Q

Thalamus

A

2 major sensory relay nucleus

Lateral borders of the 3rd ventricle

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25
Hypothalamus
2 - linke nervous sys and endocrine, visceral functions
26
Subthalamus
2 - motor movement | part of basal nuclei
27
Epithalamus
1 - pineal gland | day/night cycles
28
Hippocampus and Amygdala
Phylogenetically ancient cortical structure located in temoral lobe plays role in memory consolidation and control of ANS function in relation to previous experience Cab driver - big hippocampus Amydala - fear and aggression
29
Cerbellum
Separated from cerbrum by trans fissure Folia and Sulci 2 cerebellar hemispheres and vermis (centrally) White matter tracts - peduncles
30
Cerebellar Peduncles
``` Superior = connects cerbellum to midbrain and cerebrum Middle = cerbellum to pons Inferior = cerebellum to medulla and spinal cord ```
31
Brainstem
Midbrain Pons Medulla
32
Midbrain
Mesencephalon 1. Crus cerebri - anteriorly (substantia nigra) 2. Tegmentum - CN nuclei 3 and 4 3. Tectum (roof) = Corpora Quadrigemina - posteriorly (sup and inf colliculi)
33
Pons
Metencephalon 1. Basis Pontis - formed by crossing fibers of middle cerebellar peduncle 2. Pontine Tegmentum - location of CN nuclei 5, 6, 7
34
Medulla
Myelencephalon 1. Pyramids and olive (ant and lat) 2. Anterior median fissure 3. Gracile and Cuneate tubercles post 4. Location of CN nuclei 9-12 with 11 as exception
35
SA VE VA table
do it and name location off brain
36
Nuclei
1 and 2 = tracts of diencephalon 3 and 4 = midbrain 4 CN = pons 4 CN = medulla
37
Midbrain CN
3 and 4
38
Pons CN
5, 6, 7, 8
39
Medulla CN
9, 10, 11, 12
40
Brainstem - presence of
Ventricular system - assists in identification of divisions of brainstem
41
Central Canal
Spinal cord and caudal "closed" medulla
42
4th ventricle
Rostral "open" medulla and pons
43
Cerebral Aqueduct
Midbrain
44
Basilar regions
``` medulla = pyramids pons = basis pontis Mdbrain = basis pedunculi ```
45
Tegmentum
floor located in all divisions just post to basilar regions Location of brainstem nuclei, CN nuclei, ascending and descending white matter tracts
46
Tectum
roof | midbrain = corpora quadrigemina
47
Where is CSF produced
choroid plexus - ventricles
48
Medulla - location of 4th ventricle gives
Open vs closed medulla
49
Closed medulla
caudal - has central canal and dorsal (post) median sulcus | Gracilis and cuneate tubercles, rostral ext of spinal cord's post columns
50
Open medulla
Rostral - dorsal median sulcus absent 1. 4th vent and inf cerebellar peduncle 2. Pyramids and olive in both open and closed 3. ventral (ant) median fissure 4. location of CN 9-12
51
Pons
1. Basis Pontis - formed by crossing fibers of middle cerebellar peduncle 2. Pontine tegmentum - location of CN nuclei 5 - 8
52
Key features of pons
4th ventricle cerebellum superior cerebellar peduncle, lcated post ascending to midbrain
53
Basilar Regions
medulla, pons, midbrain
54
Tegmentum
midbrain, pons, medulla
55
Tectum
midbrain
56
Anterior
Motor
57
Posterior
Sensory
58
Midbrain
1. Cerebral Peduncle (Basis pedunculi) - crus cerebri (ant) and substantia nigra 2. Tegmentum (CN 3 and 4) 3. Tectum (corpora quadrigemina post with sup and inf colliculi)
59
Key features of midbrain
Cerebral aqueduct REd nucleus located in rostral regions of midbrain tegmentum Decussation of superior cerebellar peducle - located in caudal regions of midbrain tegmentum
60
Function of CNs
1. Pure Sens nuclei = located dorsolaterally 2. Pure Motor Nuclei = located near midline 3. Mixed nuclei = located in intermediate zones btw pure sensory and pure motor nuclei

Neuroanatomy Exam 1 (9 decks)

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