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Neuroanatomy Exam 1 > Gross Brain and Brainstem > Flashcards

Gross Brain and Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

Gyrus

A

elevations

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2
Q

Sulci

A

shallow depressions

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3
Q

Fissure

A

deep depressions

Major ones = longitudinal and transverse

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4
Q

Cerebral hemispheres

A

2 - divided by longitudinal fissure

floor is corpus callosum

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5
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

learned bx, primary motor cortex, contains Brocas area (speech)

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6
Q

Aspects of frontal lobe

A
  1. Central sulcus
  2. Lateral cerebral sulcus
  3. Precentral Gyrus - Primary motor cortex
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7
Q

Parietal Lobes

A

Primary somesthetic area, association area involved in somatosensory func, integration of auditory, visual and somatosensory information

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8
Q

Aspects of Parietal lobes

A
  1. Postcentral gyrus - primary somatosensory cortex
  2. Parieto-occipital sulcus (medial surface of cerebral cortex) - parieto-occiptal notch seen on superolateral surface of the cerebral cortex
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9
Q

Temporal Lobes

A

Wernickes area (comprehension), reading ability, understanding and speaking written word

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10
Q

Aspects of temporal lobes

A

primary auditory cortex - cortex within the lateral cerebral sulcus

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11
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Primary visual cortex and association visual areas

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12
Q

Primary visual cortex

A

(occ lobe) - Calcarine Fissure - divides cuneate gyrus superiorly from the lingual gyrus inferiorly

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13
Q

Insula Lobe

A

Visceral function
Hidden cortex deep in lateral cerebral cortex
Taste func and other visceral func, maybe empathy too

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14
Q

Limbic Lobe

A

Vital survival portion of brain, memory

Observed on medial surface of cerebral cortex

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15
Q

Lateral Sulcus

A

separates frontal from temporal lobes

Sylvius

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16
Q

Central Sulcus

A

separates frontal from occipital

Rolando

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17
Q

Precentral Gyrus

A

Motor

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18
Q

Postcentral Gyrus

A

Sensory

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19
Q

Parieto-occipital Sulcus

A

Separates occipital and parietal

midsaggital surface to see

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20
Q

Calcarine Sulcus

A

Primary visual cortex on either side

Where beam of light is being projected to

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21
Q

Cingulate Gyrus –> parahippocampal gyrus –> uncus

A

limbic lobe
Cingulate is above corpus callosum
Hippocampus and amygdala may be included too

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22
Q

Basal Nuclei

A

ganglia
collections of cell bodies deep within the cerebrum
Associated with movement
Caudate nucleus, lentiform nuclei (putamen and globus pallidus), subthalamus, and substantia nigra

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23
Q

Diencephalon

A 
Collections of cell bodies deep in cerebral hemispheres
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus
Epithalamus
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24
Q

Thalamus

A

2 major sensory relay nucleus

Lateral borders of the 3rd ventricle

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25
Q

Hypothalamus

A

2 - linke nervous sys and endocrine, visceral functions

26
Q

Subthalamus

A

2 - motor movement

part of basal nuclei

27
Q

Epithalamus

A

1 - pineal gland

day/night cycles

28
Q

Hippocampus and Amygdala

A

Phylogenetically ancient cortical structure
located in temoral lobe
plays role in memory consolidation and control of ANS function in relation to previous experience
Cab driver - big hippocampus
Amydala - fear and aggression

29
Q

Cerbellum

A

Separated from cerbrum by trans fissure
Folia and Sulci
2 cerebellar hemispheres and vermis (centrally)
White matter tracts - peduncles

30
Q

Cerebellar Peduncles

A 
Superior = connects cerbellum to midbrain and cerebrum
Middle = cerbellum to pons
Inferior = cerebellum to medulla and spinal cord
31
Q

Brainstem

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

32
Q

Midbrain

A

Mesencephalon

  1. Crus cerebri - anteriorly (substantia nigra)
  2. Tegmentum - CN nuclei 3 and 4
  3. Tectum (roof) = Corpora Quadrigemina - posteriorly (sup and inf colliculi)
33
Q

Pons

A

Metencephalon

  1. Basis Pontis - formed by crossing fibers of middle cerebellar peduncle
  2. Pontine Tegmentum - location of CN nuclei 5, 6, 7
34
Q

Medulla

A

Myelencephalon

  1. Pyramids and olive (ant and lat)
  2. Anterior median fissure
  3. Gracile and Cuneate tubercles post
  4. Location of CN nuclei 9-12 with 11 as exception
35
Q

SA VE VA table

A

do it and name location off brain

36
Q

Nuclei

A

1 and 2 = tracts of diencephalon
3 and 4 = midbrain
4 CN = pons
4 CN = medulla

37
Q

Midbrain CN

A

3 and 4

38
Q

Pons CN

A

5, 6, 7, 8

39
Q

Medulla CN

A

9, 10, 11, 12

40
Q

Brainstem - presence of

A

Ventricular system - assists in identification of divisions of brainstem

41
Q

Central Canal

A

Spinal cord and caudal “closed” medulla

42
Q

4th ventricle

A

Rostral “open” medulla and pons

43
Q

Cerebral Aqueduct

A

Midbrain

44
Q

Basilar regions

A 
medulla = pyramids
pons = basis pontis
Mdbrain = basis pedunculi
45
Q

Tegmentum

A

floor
located in all divisions just post to basilar regions
Location of brainstem nuclei, CN nuclei, ascending and descending white matter tracts

46
Q

Tectum

A

roof

midbrain = corpora quadrigemina

47
Q

Where is CSF produced

A

choroid plexus - ventricles

48
Q

Medulla - location of 4th ventricle gives

A

Open vs closed medulla

49
Q

Closed medulla

A

caudal - has central canal and dorsal (post) median sulcus

Gracilis and cuneate tubercles, rostral ext of spinal cord’s post columns

50
Q

Open medulla

A

Rostral - dorsal median sulcus absent

  1. 4th vent and inf cerebellar peduncle
  2. Pyramids and olive in both open and closed
  3. ventral (ant) median fissure
  4. location of CN 9-12
51
Q

Pons

A
  1. Basis Pontis - formed by crossing fibers of middle cerebellar peduncle
  2. Pontine tegmentum - location of CN nuclei 5 - 8
52
Q

Key features of pons

A

4th ventricle
cerebellum
superior cerebellar peduncle, lcated post ascending to midbrain

53
Q

Basilar Regions

A

medulla, pons, midbrain

54
Q

Tegmentum

A

midbrain, pons, medulla

55
Q

Tectum

A

midbrain

56
Q

Anterior

A

Motor

57
Q

Posterior

A

Sensory

58
Q

Midbrain

A
  1. Cerebral Peduncle (Basis pedunculi) - crus cerebri (ant) and substantia nigra
  2. Tegmentum (CN 3 and 4)
  3. Tectum (corpora quadrigemina post with sup and inf colliculi)
59
Q

Key features of midbrain

A

Cerebral aqueduct
REd nucleus located in rostral regions of midbrain tegmentum
Decussation of superior cerebellar peducle - located in caudal regions of midbrain tegmentum

60
Q

Function of CNs

A
  1. Pure Sens nuclei = located dorsolaterally
  2. Pure Motor Nuclei = located near midline
  3. Mixed nuclei = located in intermediate zones btw pure sensory and pure motor nuclei

Neuroanatomy Exam 1 (9 decks)

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