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Neuroanatomy Exam 1 > Organization of NS > Flashcards

Organization of NS Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomical subdivisions of NS

A

Central and peripheral NS

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2
Q

Central NS consists of

A

brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Brain - Gray Matter consists of

A

nerve cell bodies and neuroglia arranged into cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex, and nuclei

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4
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

“brain bark”

multiple layers of nerve cell bodies that form a folded sheet on brain surface

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5
Q

Nuclei

A

collections of nerve cell bodies embedded deep within the brain

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6
Q

Brain - White Matter consists of

A

mostly myelinated nerve cell axons with some unmyelinated axons and neuroglia
Axons may be short (1mm) and reside in brain or can be long (1m)
Long would leave brain and descend to levels of spinal cord

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7
Q

Tract

A

Bundle of axons

Sensory or motor, NOT both

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8
Q

Fasciculus

A

Fascicle or bundle of axons

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9
Q

Lemniscus

A

Ribbon of axons

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10
Q

Comissure

A

consists of axons crossing the midline

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11
Q

Brachium

A

arm like structure

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12
Q

Peduncle

A

foot like structure

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13
Q

Spinal Cord - Gray Matter consists of

A

nerve cell bodies and neuroglia

Nuclei = collections of nerve cell bodies within the spinal cord

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14
Q

Spinal Cord - White Matter consists of

A

mostly myelinated nerve cell bodies with some unmyelinated axons and neuroglia

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15
Q

Axons in spinal cord

A

form bundles referred to as a

Tract, Commissure, Fasciculus

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16
Q

For every neuron in CNS there are ___ neuroglia

A

at least 4

They are supporting cells

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17
Q

Nerves are made up of

A

bundles of axons

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18
Q

Cell bodies in CNS are located in the

A

Gray metter

  • cerbral cortex
  • cerebellar cortex
  • nuclei
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19
Q

Axons in CNS are located in the

A

White matter

  • tracts
  • fascicul
  • lemnisci
  • commissures
  • brachii
  • peduncles
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20
Q

Cell bodies in PNS are located in the

A

Ganglia

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21
Q

Axons in PNS are lcoated in the

A

Nerves

Plexuses

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22
Q

PNS is made up of

A

12 CN pairs
31 spinal nerve pairs
Plexuses
Ganglia

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23
Q

The PNS anatomically does what

A

connects and keeps the CNS in touch with the outside environment and the internal body environment

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24
Q

PNS conveys

A
  1. Sensory input from environment and internal body parts via neural impulses from sensory receptors to CNS
  2. Neural impulses from motor system in CNS to effector organs (muscles/glands)
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25
Q

Nerves are

A

Bundles of nerve cell axons that contain myelinated and unmyelinated axons

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26
Q

PNS consists of ___ fibers

A

20 million sensory fibers and a few million motor fibers

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27
Q

Nerve plexus is a

A

network of nerves

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28
Q

Examples of plexuses

A 
Cervical
Brachial
Lumbar
Sacral
Periarterial ANS
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29
Q

Ganglia

A

Collections of nerve cell bodies in the PNS

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30
Q

Sensory ganglia

A

Cranial nerve sensory ganglia

Dorsal root ganglia

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31
Q

Autonomic ganglia

A

Sympathetic (trunk)

Parasympathetic (ganglia associated with CN and intramural ganglia located within wall of viscera

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32
Q

Functionally NS is divided into

A

Voluntary NS

Involuntary NS

33
Q

Voluntary NS

A

somatic motor system, influences skeletal muscles and includes motor pathways and nerves that control muscles for movement

34
Q

Involuntary NS

A

autonomic NS = visceral motor system, influences smooth muscle, cardiac muscle or glands and includes part of the nervous system that is automated

35
Q

Components of the voluntary and involuntary NS are located in

A

CNS and PNS

36
Q

ANS is divided into

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic NS

37
Q

Sympathetic NS

A

involved in the fight or flight response
connects with thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord
T1-L2/3
Referred to as the thoracolumbar outflow

38
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A

Maintains homeostasis
Cranial outflow connects with the brain through CN 3, 7, 9, 10
Sacral outflow connects with spinal cord through sacral spinal nerves S2,3,4
Referred to as the craniosacral outflow

39
Q

NS contains two classes of cells

A

Neurons

Neuroglia

40
Q

Neuron =

A

basic anatomical and functional unit of NS

Is irritable and relays nerve impulses to other nerve cells, muscles cells, or gland cells

41
Q

Neuron consists of

A

Dendrites
Cell Body
Axon

42
Q

Dendrites

A

form the receptive part of neuron

43
Q

Cell Body

A

metabolic center of the cell, contains organelles

44
Q

Axon

A

Conducts impulses away from cell body to axon terminals

45
Q

Neurons communicate at

A

synapses

46
Q

Neuroglia =

A

cells that provide physical and physiological support to neurons
they do NOT conduct nerve impulses

47
Q

Cutaneous

A

Skin

Skin receives sensory and autonomic innervation

48
Q

Nerve fiber

A

refers to a dendrite or axon of a neuron

49
Q

Pathway

A

a sequence of usually 2-3 neurons that relays a particular type of info

50
Q

Sensory Pathway

A

relays sensory input (pain,temp,touch, vibratory,position) from body to CNS

51
Q

Motor Pathway

A

relays motor info about movement from CNS to skeletal muscles

52
Q

Long ascending tract

A

bundle of sensory neuron axons

53
Q

Long descending tract

A

bundle of motor neuron axons

54
Q

Ipsilateral

A

on the same side

55
Q

Contralateral

A

on the opposite side

56
Q

Decussation

A

crossing of axons from one side of NS to the opposite side

57
Q

Commissural fibers

A

Axons that arise from one side of the spinal cord or brain and cross the midline, to the opposite side
Allow communication btw two sides

58
Q

Association fibers

A

Axons that connect diff parts of same cerebral hemisphere

originate in one lobe and terminate in another but within the same cerebral hemisphere

59
Q

A spinal nerve consists of

A
  1. Dorsal root
  2. Ventral root
  3. dorsal and ventral unite to give you spinal nerve
  4. Spinal nerves innervate structures of neck and body
60
Q

Dorsal Root

A

Contains sensory fibers
Fibers relay touch, pressure, pain, or temp sensation from body to dorsal horm of spinal cord
Fibers that relay proprioception from muscles and joints, vibratory sense and discriminatory (fine) touch from skin to dorsal columns of spinal cord
DIsplays swelling, DRG

61
Q

Ventral Root

A

Contains motor fibers
Skeletal motor fibers that innervate skeletal muscle
Visceral motor (autonomic) fibers that innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glands

62
Q

The motor cortex controls movement in

A

the opposite side of the body

63
Q

The sensory cortex receives sensory information from the

A

opposite side of the body

64
Q

The cerebellum controls the

A

ipsilateral side of body

65
Q

Telencephalon

A

2 cerebral hemispheres covered by

  • Cerebral cortex
  • Basal ganglia
66
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

is organized into lobes
is involved in conscious perception, processing of sensory information, sensory integration and the planning phase and execution of voluntary movement

67
Q

Basal ganglia

A

are involved in the initiation and subconscious control of movement

68
Q

Diencephalon

A

Epithalamus
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus

69
Q

Epithalamus

A

includes the pineal gland which is involved in the circadian rhythms

70
Q

Thalamus

A

is a relay nucleus of the sensory and motor systems

71
Q

Hypothalamus

A

integrates endocrine and autonomic function

72
Q

Subthalamus

A

is involved in the subconscious control of movement

73
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Mdbrain

Reflex center for visual and auditory system

74
Q

Metencephalon

A

Pons

Cerebellum - coordination of voluntary movement

75
Q

Myelencephalon

A

Medulla

76
Q

Brainstem is made up of

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla

77
Q

Brainstem houses centers for

A

respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure
essential for life
Also involved in reflexes - protective

78
Q

Spinal cord receives

A

sensory info from body and relays it to higher brain centers
Also relays motor info from brain to muscle and visceral motor centers and glands
Also involved in reflexes that occur independent of the brain

Neuroanatomy Exam 1 (9 decks)

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