Organization of the organism | 2 Flashcards
What are the parts of Plant cells
Cytoplasm , Cell membrane , nucleus , mitochondria , ribosomes , Cell wall , vacuole , chloroplast
What are parts of animal cells
Cytoplasm , Cell membrane , nucleus , mitochondria , ribosomes
What are the parts of a bacteria cell
Cytoplasm , Cell membrane , Circular DNA , Plasmids , Ribosomes , Cell wall
What are the parts of Plant cells that are not present in animal cells
Cell wall , vacuole , chloroplast
What are the parts in Plants cell that are not there in Bacteria cell
Nucleus , Mitochondria , Vacuole , Choloroplasts
Describe the cytoplasm
Jelly - like with particles and organelles
enclosed by cell membrane
holds cell organelles (mitochondria , nucleus)
site on chemical reactions
Describe the Cell membrane
PARTIALLY PERMEABLE layer that forms a boundary around the cytoplasm
Prevents cell contents from leaking and controls what substances enter and leave cell
Nucleus
Circular structure containing DNA in the form of chromosomes
In the cytoplasm
Controls Cell division , development , activites
Mitochondria
Circular organelles , in the cytoplasm
Responsible for aerobic respiration
Ribosomes
Circular structures attached to the membrane or living free
performs protein synthesis
Cell wall
Tough , layer made of cellulose surrounding cell membrane
Prevents plant cells from bursting
Allows water and salts to pass through
FREELY PERMEABLE
Vacuole
Fluid filled space surrounded by a membrane
in the cytoplasm
Contains salt and sugars , helps to keep plant cells firm
Chloroplasts
Organelle containing chlorophyll
inside cytoplasm of plant cells
Traps light energy for photosynthesis
contains green pigment chlorophyll
Circular DNA
A single circular chromosome
Controls cell division , activites , Development
Tissue
Large number of similar cells packed together form a tissue
Organ
Different tissues arranged together form organs
Organ System
Group of related organs working together to carry out functions in the body
Magnification =
image size / actual size
Ciliated Cells
ciliated cells are found lining the trachea.
They have hair-like projections called cilia which move together
and creates a stream of mucus to carry away dust and bacteria away from lungs
Root Hair Cell
Adapted to have a large surface area .This speeds up the rate of osmosis and mineral ion uptake in plants.
Cell membrane is able to control which dissolved substance enters the cell
Palisade mesophyll cells
this is where photosynthesis occurs.
Mesophyll cells are tall and closely packed to efficiently absorb light and contain lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis.
They are also placed at the top of the leaf (under the upper epidermis) where most of the light hits enabling them to absorb as much light energy as possible
Nerve Cells
nerve cells are adapted to rapidly transmit electrical impulses.
Nerve cells are myelinated, which insulates the cell and prevents the impulse weakening and slowing down
Fibers are often long
Red blood cells
red blood cells contain hemoglobin which allows them to carry oxygen around the body.
They have a biconcave shape which increases their surface area, allowing for rapid diffusion.
They also have thin cell membranes to decrease the diffusion distance.
They do not contain a nucleus, thus have more space for oxygen.
Sperm Cell
sperm cells are adapted by containing lots of mitochondria so that the cell has enough energy to reach the egg cell.
It has a tail to allow movement and contains digestive enzymes to help penetrate the egg cell membrane.
The front contains a nucleus which carries genetic information
Acrosome secretes enzymes to digest the cells around egg and egg membrane
Egg cell
Spherical
Have a large amount of cytoplasm , containing yolk droplets made up of protien and fat
Nucleus carries genetic information
function is for reproduction , has membrane and jelly coat
Give example of Tissue in animal and plant
Bone , nerve , muscle
Epidermis , Xylem , pith
Give example of organ in animal and plant
Heart , Lungs , Liver
Root , Stem , Leaves
Give example of organ system in animal and plant
Circulatory system , nervous system
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