Diseases and Immunity | 10

Question 1

How are diseases caused

Answer 1

by viruses , bacteria , fungi or protoctista

Question 2

Pathogen

Answer 2

Disease - causing organism

They can damage host cells and some pathogens can produce poisonous toxins which damage cells

Question 3

Transmissible disease

Answer 3

Disease in which the pathogen can be passed from one host to another

Question 4

Direct contact

Answer 4

Transfer of pathogens through blood or other bodily fluids

Question 5

Indirect contact

Answer 5

Infections from pathogens from contaminated surfaces , food ect.

Incorrect cooking of meat

Question 6

Airbone , droplet , aerosol infection

Answer 6

sneeze , cough , speak sends drops of out saliva into the air and they float for a long time in the air.

They could fall on exposed food or be breathed in by other people and the pathogens inside them could infect them that way

Question 7

Houseflies infection

Answer 7

They feed on contaminated food such a faeces / decaying food and then land on our food and pump saliva into the food , causing transmissions of pathogens

Question 8

How to control the spread of disease

Answer 8

Clean water supply , hygienic food preparation , personal hygiene , waste disposal and water treatment

Question 9

Active immunity

Answer 9

Defence against pathogens through antibody production in the body

Gained after a infection by the pathogen or vaccination

Uses lymphocytes (type of white blood cell) to produce antibodies

Question 10

Antibodies

Answer 10

Proteins that bind to antigens , which destroy pathogens or mark pathogens for destructions by phagocytes

Antibodies have complementary shapes that fit specific antigens

Question 11

Vaccination

Answer 11

Involves the immune response and production of memory cells to give long term immunity against the pathogen

controls spread of diseases

Question 12

Passive immunity

Answer 12

Short term Defence against pathogens

Breast-Feeding is important for developing passive immunity in infants

memory cells are not produced

Question 13

Cholera

Answer 13

Disease caused by bacterium that is transmitted in contaminated water

Affects small intestine , leading to diarrhea , dehydration and loss of ions from blood

Question 14

Mechanical barriers

Answer 14

Skin , nose hairs

Question 15

Chemical barriers

Answer 15

Mucus , stomach acid , tears

Question 16

Autoimmune diseases

Answer 16

Some diseases can be caused by an immune response on healthy body cells, where they are targeted and destroyed by the immune system. An example of this is type 1 diabetes, where the body targets cells in the pancreas, thus insulin can no longer be produced.