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Neuro > Organization of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Organization of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

CNS is composed of

A

Brain and Spinal cord

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2
Q

PNS consist of

A

cranial, spinal n., and their associated ganglia

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3
Q

CNS main centers where correlation and integration of the nervous system occurs

A

Brain and the spinal cord

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4
Q

System of membranes that covers the spinal cord and brain

A

Meninges

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5
Q

Brain and spinal cord is suspended to

A

CSF

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6
Q

Excitable nerve cells of the CNS

A

Neurons

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7
Q

Processes of neurons

A

Axons or nerve fibers

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8
Q

Protects the meninges

A

Skull & vertebral column

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9
Q

Neurons are supported by specialized tissue

A

Neuroglia

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10
Q

CNS Gray matter consist of

A

nerve cells embedded in neuroglia

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11
Q

CNS White matter consist of

A

nerve fibers embedded in neuroglia

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12
Q

CNS White matter is white d/t the presence of lipid material in the n. fibers

A

Myelin sheaths

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13
Q

Axons are relatively __ and commonly __

A

unprotected; trauma

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14
Q

Part of the nervous system that innervates the body’s involuntary structure

A

ANS

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15
Q

2 parts of ANS

A

sympathetic & parasympathetic

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16
Q

ANS: prepare the body for emergency

A

sympathetic

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17
Q

ANS: Aimed at conserving and restoring energy

A

parasympathetic

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18
Q

Spinal cord is situated withing

A

Vertebral canal of the vertebral column

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19
Q

Spinal cord is surrounded by 3 meninges

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

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20
Q

Surrounds the spinal cord for further protection

A

CSF

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21
Q

CSF found on

A

Subarachnoid space

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22
Q

Shape of the spinal cord

A

roughly cylindrical

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23
Q

Spinal cord begins superiorly in the __

A

Medulla oblongata in the skull

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24
Q

Spinal cord terminates inferiorly at the

A

Lower border of L1

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25
Q

Spinal cord tapers off into the

A

Conus medullaris from the apex of which filum terminale descends to attach to the back of the coccyx

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26
Q

Prolongation of the pia mater

A

Filum terminale

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27
Q

where do filum terminale attaches

A

Back of the coccyx

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28
Q

Gives rise to the peripheral and central nerve fibers

A

Posterior Root Ganglion

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29
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves

A

31

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30
Q

31 spinal nerves are attached by

A

anterior/motor roots; posterior/sensory roots

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31
Q

Each root is attached to the cord by a __

A

series of rootlet

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32
Q

Posterior nerve root possesses a __

A

Posterior root ganglion

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33
Q

Brain = inner:__ mater; outer;__ mater

A

Inner white; outer gray

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34
Q

Brain = inner:__ matter; outer;__ matter

A

Inner white; outer gray

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34
Q

Spinal: The gray matter is seen on a cross section as an H-shaped pillar called

A

anterior and posterior gray columns or horns

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34
Q

Spinal gray commissure contains the

A

small central canal

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35
Q

anterior and posterior gray columns or horns is united by thin

A

gray commissure

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36
Q

Spinal white matter is divide into

A

anterior, lateral, and posterior white column

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37
Q

Brain lies in the __ cavity

A

cranial

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38
Q

brain is continuous with the spinal cord in the

A

foramen magnum

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39
Q

3 meninges of the brain

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

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40
Q

CSF surrounds the brain in the __ space

A

Subarachnoid

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41
Q

3 major divisions of the brain

A

hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

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42
Q

Brainstem is the collective term of

A

medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

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43
Q

Hindbrain comprises the

A

Medulla oblongata, pons, cerebellum

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44
Q

Shape of the medulla oblongata

A

Conical

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45
Q

Medulla oblongata connects __ superiorly

A

pons

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46
Q

Medulla oblongata connects __ inferiorly

A

spinal cord

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47
Q

Medulla oblongata collection of neurons

A

nuclei

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48
Q

Serves as a conduit for ascending and descending nerve fibers

A

Medulla oblongata

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49
Q

Pons is situated on the

A

anterior surface of the cerebellum

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50
Q

Pons is inferior to the

A

midbrain

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51
Q

Pons is superior to the

A

medulla oblongata

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52
Q

Derives its name from the large number of transverse fibers on its anterior aspect

A

pons/bridge

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53
Q

Cerebellum lies within the

A

Posterior cranial fossa of the skull

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54
Q

Cerebellum is posterior to the __ and the __

A

Pons and the medulla oblongata

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55
Q

Cerebellum consist of 2 laterally place hemispheres connected by a median portion called __

A

Vermis

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56
Q

Cerebellum is connected to the midbrain by

A

SCP

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57
Q

Cerebellum is connected to the pons by

A

MCP

58
Q

Cerebellum is connected to the medulla by

A

ICP

59
Q

Composed of large bundles of nerve fibers connecting the cerebellum to the remainder of the nervous system

A

Peduncles

60
Q

Surface layer of each cerebellar hemisphere is called

A

cortex

61
Q

Composition of cortex

A

Gray matter

62
Q

The cerebellar cortex is thrown into __ separated by __

A

Folds or folia; transverse fissures

63
Q

Largest gray matter embedded in the white matter (Cerebellum)

A

Dentate nuclei

64
Q

The medulla oblongata, the pons, and the cerebellum surround a cavity filled w/ CSF called

A

4th ventricle

65
Q

4th ventricle is connected superiorly to the __ by the __

A

3rd ventricle; cerebral aqueduct

66
Q

4th ventricle is inferiorly connected to __

A

Central canal of the spinal cord

67
Q

4th Ventricle communicates with the subarachnoid space through

A

3 openings in the inferior part of the roof

68
Q

Narrow part of the brain that connects the forebrain and the hindbrain

A

midbrain

69
Q

Narrow cavity of the midbrain

A

cerebral aqueduct

70
Q

Forebrain comprises the

A

diencephalon

71
Q

Central part of the forebrain and the cerebrum

A

Diencephalon

72
Q

Diencephalon is consist of

A

Ventral hypothalamus, dorsal thalamus

73
Q

Shape of the thalamus

A

egg

74
Q

Large, egg shaped mass of gray matter that lies on the either side of the third ventricle

A

Thalamus

75
Q

__ end of the thalamus forms the __ boundary of the __

A

anterior, posterior, interventricular foramen

76
Q

Opening between the third and lateral ventricles

A

Interventricular foramen

77
Q

Hypothalamus forms the __ part of the __ wall and the __ of the __ ventricle

A

lower, lateral, floor, third

78
Q

Largest part of the brain

A

Cerebrum

79
Q

2 CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES connected by a mass of white matter called

A

Corpus callosum

80
Q

Cerebrum is superior to

A

anterior and middle cranial fossae

81
Q

Posteriorly, Cerebrum lies above the

A

tentorium cerebelli

82
Q

The hemisphere is separated by a deep cleft

A

Longitudinal fissure

83
Q

Longitudinal fissure projects thr

A

falx cerebri

84
Q

Surface layer of cerebrum

A

Cortex

85
Q

Cerebral cortex is thrown into

A

Folds (gyri)

86
Q

Folds (gyri) is separated by

A

fissures or sulci

87
Q

Large sulci subdivide the surface of each hemisphere into

A

Lobes

88
Q

Central core of white matter containing large mass of gray matter

A

Basal nuclei or ganglia

89
Q

Fan-shaped collection of n. fibers

A

corona radiata

90
Q

The corona radiata converges on the basal nuclei and passes on them as the

A

internal capsule

91
Q

White matter to and from the cerebral cortex to the brainstem

A

Corona Radiata

92
Q

Tailed nucleus situated on the medial side of internal capsule

A

Caudate nucleus

93
Q

Lens-shaped nucleus on the lateral side of the internal capsule

A

Lentiform nucleus

94
Q

Cerebral hemisphere cavity

A

lateral ventricle

95
Q

Lateral ventricle communicate with the third ventricle through the

A

interventricular foramina

96
Q

The cranial and spinal nerves are made up of

A

bundles of nerve fibers supported by connective tissue.

97
Q

Pairs of CN

A

12

98
Q

12 pairs of cranlal nerves leave the — and pass through — in the skull.

A

Brain, foramina

99
Q

31 pairs of spinal nerves leave the — and pass through — In the vertebral column.

A

Spinal cord, intervertebral foramina

100
Q

The spinal nerves are associated with regions of the spinal cord:

A

8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coceygeal.

101
Q

Each spinal nerve Is connected to the spinal cord by two roots:

A

anterior root and the polterlor root

102
Q

— consists of bundles of nerve fibers carrying nerve Impulses away from the CNS-

A

Anterior root , efferent

103
Q

Efferent /motor fibers’ origin lie in

A

anterior gray horn of the spinal cord.

104
Q

The posterior root consists of bundles of

A

afferent fibers that carry nervous impulses to the CNS

105
Q

Aka afferent fibers

A

Sensory fibers

106
Q

cell bodies of these sensory fibers are situated ln a swelling on the posterior root

A

posterior root ganglion.

107
Q

compared with that of the spinal cord, the length of the roots Increases progressively from __

A

above downward

108
Q

upper cervical region, the spinal nerve roots are

A

short and run almost horizontally,

109
Q

lumbar and sacral nerves below the level of the termination of the cord form

A

vertical leash of nerves around the ftlum termlnale

110
Q

Bundle of lower nerve roots are called

A

cauda equlna.

111
Q

After emerging from the intervertebral foranten, each spinal nerve Immediately divides Into a

A

large anterior ramus and a smaller posterior ramus

112
Q

The posterior ramus
passes

A

posteriorly around the vertebral column to supply the muscles and skJn of the back

113
Q

anterior ramus continues

A

anteriorly to supply the muscles and skin over the anterolateral body wall and all the mus- cles and skin of the limbs.

114
Q

Ganglia can be divided into

A

sensory ganglia of spinal nerves (posterior root ganglia) and cranial nerves and autonomic ganglia.

115
Q

fusiform swellings on the posterior root of each spinal nerve just proximal to the root’s junction with a corresponding anterior root

A

Sensory Ganglia/posterior root ganglia

116
Q

Similar ganglia found along the course of cranial nerves

A

V, VII, VIII, IX, and X

117
Q

Shape of ANS ganglia

A

irregular in shape

118
Q

Autonomic ganglia is situated along the

A

course of efferent nerve fibers of the ANS.

119
Q

AN Ganglia are found in

A

paravertebral sympathetic chains around the roots of the great visceral arteries in the abdomen and close to, or embedded within, the walls of various viscera

120
Q

bundles of CNS axons that share a common
origin and destination

A

Tracts

121
Q

several tracts that form an anatomically
distinct mass

A

Column

122
Q

Centers and tracts that connect the brain with other organs and systems in the body

A

Pathway

123
Q

Transmit information in the form of
electrical current at their cell
membranes from one area to
another

A

Neurons

124
Q

Provide physical support for
neurons
▪ Represent 90% of cells in brain

A

Neuroglia

125
Q

the functional unit of the nervous
system

A

Neuron

126
Q

receive information from another cell or
receptor and transmit the message to the cell body

A

Dendrites

127
Q

Dura mater

A

Pachymeninx:

128
Q

arachnoid and pia mater

A

Leptomenix

129
Q

separates the frontal and
parietal lobes

A

Central sulcus of Rolando

130
Q

separates the temporal lobe
from the frontal and parietal lobes

A

Lateral Sylvian fissure

131
Q

Controls somatic motor activities at the subconscious
level

A

Hypothalamus

132
Q

Controls autonomic function

A

Hypothalamus

133
Q

Coordinates activities of the endocrine and nervous systems

A

Hypothalamus

134
Q

Secretes hormones

A

Hypothalamus

135
Q

Produces emotions and behavioral drives

A

Hypothalamus

136
Q

Regulates body temperature

A

Hypothalamus

137
Q

Coordinates circadian cycles of activity (sleep-wake pattern)

A

Hypothalamus

138
Q

Final relay point for ascending sensory information

A

Thalamus

139
Q

Coordinates the activities of the cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, and cerebellum

A

Thalamus

140
Q

Serves as a conduit for the ascending and descending
tracts connecting the spinal cord to the higher centers
in the forebrain

A

THE BRAINSTEM

141
Q

Contains important reflex centers associated with
control of respiration and the cardiovascular system

A

THE BRAINSTEM

142
Q

Contains important nuclei of cranial nerves III through
XII

A

Brainstem

143
Q

Adjusts postural muscles and tunes on-going
movements

A

CEREBELLUM

Neuro (3 decks)

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