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Neuro > Cerebrumbrum skkrt skrt to the moon > Flashcards

Cerebrumbrum skkrt skrt to the moon Flashcards

1
Q

Largest part of the brain

A

cerebrum

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2
Q

The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain, situated in the
___ and occupying
the ___

A

anterior and middle cranial fossae of the skull,
whole concavity of the vault of the skull

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3
Q

Cerebrum divided into

A

Diencephalon and Telencephalon

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4
Q

Part of the CNS that lies within the cranial vault

A

Encephalon

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5
Q

Covered by three connective tissue membranes

A

meninges

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6
Q

Surrounded by __ which supports it from movement and
trauma

A

CSF

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7
Q

6 post-embryonic divisions

A
  1. Telencephalon
  2. Diencephalon
  3. Mesencephalon
  4. Pons
  5. Medulla oblongata
  6. Cerebellum
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8
Q

Frontal lobe extends from __ to __

A

central sulcus, frontal pole

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9
Q

Frontal pole lies above __ & anterior to __

A

lateral sulcus, central sulcus

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10
Q

Frontal lobe gyri include

A
  1. Precentral gyrus
  2. Superior frontal gyrus
  3. Middle frontal gyrus
  4. Inferior frontal gyrus
    pars triangularis
    Pars opercularis
    Pars orbicularis
  5. Gyrus rectus and orbital gyri
  6. Anterior paracentral lobule
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11
Q

Parietal lobe extends from __ to the __ & lies superiorly to __

A

central sulcus, occipital lobe, temporal lobe

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12
Q

Parietal lobe gyri and its lobules

A
  1. Postcentral gyrus
  2. Superior parietal gyrus
  3. Inferior parietal lobule
    A. Supramarginal gyris
    B. Angular gyrus
  4. Precuneus
  5. Posterior paracentral lobule
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13
Q

Insular lobe lies buried within the

A

lateral sulcus

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14
Q

Has long and short gyri

A

Insular lobe

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15
Q

Insular lobe is functionally a part of the __

A

temporal lobe

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16
Q

Occipital lobe lies posterior to a line connecting the

A

parieto-occipital
sulcus and pre-occipital notch

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17
Q

Occipital lobe contains the

A

Cuneus
Lingual gyrus (medial occipitotemporal gyrus)

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18
Q

Temporal lobe extends from __ to __, lying below the __

A

temporal pole, occipital lobe, lateral sulcus

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19
Q

Temporal lobe extends from __ to __

A

lateral sulcus to the collateral sulcus

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20
Q

Temporal lobe gyri

A
  1. Transverse temporal gyri of Heschl
  2. Middle temporal gyrus
  3. superior temporal gyrus
  4. lateral occipitotemporal gyrus
  5. Inferior temporal gyrus
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21
Q

Shape of limbic lobe

A

C

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22
Q

Medial limbic lobe encircles

A

corpus callosum & lateral aspect of the midbrain

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23
Q

Limbic lobe contains

A
  1. Paraterminal gyrus and subcallosal area
  2. Cingulate gyrus
  3. parahippocampal gyrus
  4. Hippocampal gyrus
  5. Hippocampal formation
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24
Q

The subcortical nuclei of the
telencephalon

A

Basal ganglia

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25
Q

Basal Ganglia includes

A
  1. Caudate nucleus
    A. Putamen
  2. globus pallidus
  3. Amygdaloid nuclear complex (amygdala) - related to
    behavior and emotion
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26
Q

Lateral Ventricles

__lined cavities of cerebral hemispheres

A

Ependyma

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27
Q

Lateral ventricles contains

A

CSF & choroid plexus

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28
Q

Lateral ventricles communicate __ via __

A

3rd Ventricle, Foramen of Monroe

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29
Q

Lateral ventricles are separated by

A

Septa Pellucida/ Pellucidum

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30
Q

Consists of thin layer of gray substance

A

Cerebral cortex

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31
Q

Covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere

A

Cerebral cortex

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32
Q

Folded into gyri that are separated by sulci

A

Cerebral cortex

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33
Q

White matter contains

A

Cerebral commissures (which also contains:) ↓
1Corpus callosum
2Anterior commissure
Hippocampal commisure (fornix
Internal capsule (which also contains:) ↓
1. Anterior limb
2. Genu
Posterior limb

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34
Q

Diencephalon consists of

A

third ventricle and structures that
form its boundaires

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35
Q

Diencephalon extends

A

posteriorly to the point where the third ventricle
becomes continuous with the cerebral aqueduct and anteriorly
as far as the interventricular foramina

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36
Q

Third ventricle and associated structures

A

Lamina terminalis
Tela choroidea
Choroid plexus
Interventricular foramen of Monro
Optic recess
Infundibular recess
Suprapineal recess
Pineal recess

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37
Q

Inferior surface of the Diencephalon is formed by

A

hypothalamic

from anterior to posterior, the optic
chiasma with the optic tract on either side; the
infundibulum with the tuber cinereum; and the
mammillary bodies

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38
Q

Superior surface of Diencephalon is concealed by

A

Hippocampal fornix

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39
Q

Hippocampal fornix originates

A

in the hippocampus of the
temporal lobe and arches posteriorly over the
thalamus to join the mammillary body

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40
Q

Superior wall of Diencephalon is formed by

A

roof of the third
ventricle which consists of a layer of ependyma

From the roof of the third ventricle, a pair of vascular
processes, the choroid plexuses of the third ventricle, project
downward from the midline into the cavity of the third

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41
Q

Lateral surface of diencephalon

A

Bounded by the internal capsule of white matter and
consists of nerve fibers that connect the cerebral cortex
with other parts of the brainstem and spinal cord

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42
Q

Medial surface of the diencephalon is formed

A

superior part by the medial surface of the
thalamus and in its inferior part by the hypothalamus, separated by the hypothalamic sulcus

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43
Q

A bundle of nerve fibers, which are afferent fibers to the
habenular nucleus, forms a ridge along the superior
margin of the medial surface of the diencephalon

A

Stria medullaris thalami

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44
Q

Shape of the thalamus

A

Large ovoid mass of Gray matter

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45
Q

cell
station to all the main sensory systems (except the olfactory
pathway)

A

Thalamus

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46
Q

Injury to thalamus

A

sensory discomfort,sensory loss, sensory
deficit, uncontrollable pain

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47
Q

3rd order nucleus in thalamus

A

VPL & intralaminar

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48
Q

Anterior end of the thalamus

A

narrow and rounded and
forms the posterior boundary of the interventricular
foramen

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49
Q

Posterior end of the thalamus

A

expanded to form the pulvinar , which
overhangs the superior colliculus and the superior brachium

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50
Q

metathalamus = Above the superior curriculus and
superior brachium

A

Pulivinar

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51
Q

associated with skeletomotor and
oculomotor pathways responsible for producing neck and
saccadic eye movements

A

Superior culliculus

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52
Q

coordinates in orienting the ggaze
toward or away from visual and auditory stimuli

A

Inferior culliculus

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53
Q

The superior surface of the thalamus is covered medially by

A

tela choroidea and the fornix ,

54
Q

The superior surface of the thalamus is covered laterally by

A

ependyma and forms part of the floor of the lateral ventricle

The lateral part is partially hidden by the choroid plexus of the
lateral ventricle

55
Q

Inferior surface of the thalamus

A

continuous with the tegmentum of the
midbrain

56
Q

medial surface of the thalamus forms the

A

superior part of
the lateral wall of the third ventricle and is usually connected to
the opposite thalamus by a band of gray matter, the
interthalamic connection (interthalamic adhesion)

57
Q

The lateral surface of the thalamus is separated from the lentiform
nucleus by the very important band of white matter

A

internal capsule

58
Q

forms a small elevation on the under
aspect of the lateral portion of the pulvinar

A

lateral geniculate body

59
Q

Parts of thalamus

A

Pulvinar
Metathalamus
Anterior tubercle
Interthalamic adhesion

60
Q

Lies inferiorly to the thalamus and therefore, is situated
between the thalamus and the tegmentum of the midbrain

A

Subthalamus

61
Q

Among the collections of nerve cells found in the subthalamus
are the

A

cranial ends of the red nuclei and the substantia nigra

62
Q

The subthalamic nucleus has the shape of a

A

biconvex lens and has
important connections with the corpus striatum

63
Q

Serves as pathway for movement

A

Subthalamus

64
Q

Subthalamus contains

A

Subtahalmic nucleus
Zona incerta and fields of forel - unclear function

65
Q

Epithalamus contains the

A

Habenular nuclei & pineal gland

66
Q

important for endocrine function and
containing pinealocytes which are responsible for creating
melatonin.

A

The pineal gland

67
Q

small group of neurons situated just
medial to the posterior surface of the thalamus

A

Habenular nucleus

68
Q

Habenular nucleus

afferent fibers are received from the __ in the temporal lobe through the __ ;
other fibers pass from the hippocampal formation through
the __

A

amygdaloid nucleus, stria medullaris thalami, fornix,

69
Q

Some of the fibers of the stria medullaris thalami cross the
midline and reach the habenular nucleus of the opposite side;
these latter fibers form the__

A

habenular commissure

70
Q

Axons from the habenular nucleus pass to the __ in the roof of the interpeduncular fossa, the tectum of
the midbrain, the thalamus and the reticular formation of the
midbrain

A

interpeduncular
nucleus

71
Q

center for integration
of olfactory, visceral and somatic afferent pathways

A

habenular nucleus

72
Q

A small, conical structure that is attached by the pineal stak to
the diencephalon

A

Pineal gland

73
Q

Pineal gland

Project backward so it lies posterior to the

74
Q

The base of the pineal stalk possesses a recess that is
continuous with the

A

cavity of the third ventricle

75
Q

The superior part of the base of the stalk contains the
__; the inferior part of the base of
the stalk contains the __

A

habenular commissure, posterior commissure

76
Q

Two types of cells are found in the gland, the __. Concretions of calcified material called
__ progressively accumulate within the pineal gland
with age

A

pinealocytes
and the glial cells

brain sand

77
Q

The pineal gland possesses no nerve cells , but
__derived from the superior
cervical sympathetic ganglia enter the gland and run in
associated with the blood vessels and pinealocytes

A

adrenergic sympathetic fibers

78
Q

Functions of the pineal gland

A

An important endocrine gland capable of influencing the
activities of the :

Pituitary gland
Islets of langerhans of the pancreas
Adrenal cortex andthe adnrenal medulla
Parathyroids
The gonads

79
Q

The pineal secretions produced by __ reach
their target organs via the bloodstream or through the
cerebrospinal fluid

A

pinealocytes

80
Q

The pineal activity exhibits a circadian rhythm that is
influenced by light

A

retina > suprachiasmatic nucleus > tegmentum > pineal gland > Melatonin > blood or CSF> inhibit the release of gonadotrophic hormone

81
Q

Structures of epithalamus

A
  1. Pineal body
  2. Habenular trigone
  3. Posterior commissure
  4. Tela choroidea
  5. Medullary stria of the thalamus
82
Q

Hypothalamus contains

A
  1. Optic chiasm
  2. Mamillaruy body
  3. Infundibulum
  4. Tuber cinereum
83
Q

Hypothalamus

part of the diencephalon that extends from the region of the
__ to the caudal border of the __

A

optic chiasma, mammillary
bodies

84
Q

Hypothalamus lies below the

A

hypothalamic sulcus on the lateral wall of the third
ventricle

85
Q

Controls and integrates the functions of the autonomic
nervous system and the endocrine systems and plays a vital
role in maintaining body homeostasis

A

Hypothalamus

86
Q

It is involved in such activities as regulation of body
temperature, body fluids, drives to eat and drink, sexual
behavior, and emotion

A

Hypothalamus

87
Q

Anterior hypothalamus

A

area that extends
forward from the optic chiasma to the lamina terminalis
and the anterior commissure ; it is referred to as the
preoptic area

88
Q

Caudal hypothalamus

A

merges into the tegmentum of
the midbrain

89
Q

The thalamus lies

A

superior to the hypothalamus, and the
subthalamic region lies inferolaterally to the hypothalamus

90
Q

A flattened bundle of nerve fibers
situated at the junction of the anterior wall and floor of
the tthird ventricle

A

The optic chiasma

91
Q

The superior surface is attached to the __ , and inferiorly, it is related to the
__ , from which it
is separated by the __

A

lamina
terminalis, hypophysis cerebri (pituitary gland), diaphragma sellae

92
Q

The anterolateral corners of the chiasma are
continuous with the __and the
posterolateral corners are continuous with the

A

optic nerves, optic
tracts

93
Q

A convex mass of gray matter

A

The tuber cinereum and the infundibulum (Contains the
anterior and posterior pituitary)

94
Q

The tuber cinereum and the infundibulum (Contains the
anterior and posterior pituitary)’

It is continous inferiorly with the _ and
becomes continuous with the posterior lobe of the
__

A

infundibulum, hypophysis cerebri

95
Q

The median eminence, the infundibulum, and the
posterior lobe (pars nervosa) of the hypophysis
cerebri

A

neurohypophysis

96
Q

raised part of the tuber
cinereum to which is attached to the infundibulum

A

median eminence

97
Q

Are two small hemispherical bodies situated side by
side posterior to the tuber cinereum

A

The mammillary bodies

98
Q

They possess a central core of gray matter invested
by a capsule of myelinated nerve fibers

A

The mammillary bodies

99
Q

Posterior to the mammillary bodies lies an area of the
brain that is pierced by a number of small apertures
and is called the

A

posterior perforated substance

100
Q

A slitlike cleft between the two thalam

A

Third ventricle

101
Q

Anterior wall of the 3rd ventricle

A

formed by a thin sheet of gray matter, the
lamina terminalis, across which runs the anterior commissure

102
Q

round bundle of nerve fibers that
are situated anterior to the anterior columns of the fornix

A

anterior commissure

103
Q

Posterior wall of the 3rd ventricle

A

opening into the cerebral
aqueduct

SUperior to this opening is the small posterior commissure.
Superior to the commissure is the pineal recess , which
projects into the stalk of the pineal body. Superior to the pineal
recess is the small habenular commissure

104
Q

Lateral wall of hypothalamus

A

medial surface of the thalamus
superiorly and the hypothalamus inferiorly, separated by hypothalamic sulcus

105
Q

The lateral wall is limited superiorly by the

A

stria medullaris
thalami

106
Q

3rd ventricle

The lateral walls are joined by the

A

interhtalamic connection

107
Q

The superior wall or roof is formed by a layer of

A

ependyma that
is continous with the lining of the ventricle

108
Q

Superior to this layer is a two-layered fold of pia mater called
the

A

tela choroidea of the third ventricle

109
Q

projects downward on each side of the
midline, invaginating the ependymal roof to form the choroid
plexuses of the third ventricle

A

vascular tela choroidea

110
Q

Within the tela choroidea lie the

A

internal cerebral veins

111
Q

Superiorly, the roof of the ventricle is

A

s related to the fornix and the
corpus callosum

112
Q

3rd V
The inferior wall or floor is formed by the

A

optic chiasma, the
tuber cinereum, the infundibulum, with its funnel-shaped
recess, and the mammillary bodies

113
Q

The hypophysis is attached to the

A

infundibulum

114
Q

3rd V
Posterior to theses tructures lies the t

A

tegmentum of the cerebral
peduncles

115
Q

CH

Separated by a deep midline sagittal fissure

A

longitudinal
cerebral fissure

116
Q

CH

The fissure contains the sickle-shaped fold of dura mater

A

e falx
cerebri, and the anterior cerebral arteries

117
Q

n the depths of the fissure, the great commissure

A

the corpus
callosum, connects the hemispheres across the midline

118
Q

A second horizontal fold of dura mater separates the cerebral
hemispheres from the cerebellum and is called the

A

tentorium
cerebelli

119
Q

f great importance because the gyrus that
lies anterior to it contains the motor cells that initiate the
movements of the opposite side of the body

A

central sulcus

120
Q

Posterior to central sulcus

A

general sensory cortex that receives
sensory information from the opposite side of the body

121
Q

deep cleft found mainly on the inferior
and lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere

A

Lateral sulcus

122
Q

LS

It consists of a short stem and divides into three rami

A
  1. Anterior ascending ramus
  2. Anterior horizontal ramus
  3. Posterior ramus
123
Q

Begins on the superior medial margin of the hemisphere about
2 inches (5cm) anterior to the occipital pole

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

124
Q

it passes downward and anteriorly on the medial surface to
meet the calcarine sulcus

A

The Parieto-occipital sulcus

125
Q

found on the medial surface of the hemisphere

A

Calcarine sulcus

126
Q

commences under the posterior end of the corpus callosuma
nd arches upward and backward to reach the occipital ole

A

Calcarine sulcus

127
Q

is joined at an acute angle by the parietooccipital sulcus about halfway along its length

A

Calcarine sulcus

128
Q

Lesion in the red nucleus →

A

Tremors, rubral tremors

129
Q

Substancia nigra degenerated ←

A

tremors, tremors that can be
seen in parkinson’s , diminished production of dopamine -

130
Q

Lesion in the subthalamus ←

A

abnormal movements,
movements caled balismus - flinging and flailing of the arms
with no control. if youre sitting beside a person with balismus
they might hit you

131
Q

latin name of interthalamic adhesion

A

masa intermedia

Neuro (5 decks)

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