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PNUR 113 > organization of the human body > Flashcards

organization of the human body Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomic position

A

Standard position of the body for anatomic studies or designations: upright, face front, arms at side with palms forward, and feet parallel.

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2
Q

anatomy

A

study of body structure

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3
Q

cell

A

basic unit of life

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4
Q

disease

A

Illness, abnormal state in which part or all of the body does not function properly or at all

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5
Q

extracellular fluid

A

outside the cell

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6
Q

gradient

A

a difference in specific values between two areas

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7
Q

homeostasis

A

is the steady state (sameness) within an organism

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8
Q

intracellular fluid

A

inside the cell

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9
Q

negative feedback

A

Self regulating system in which the result of an action reverses that action; a method for keeping body conditions within a normal range and maintaining homeostasis

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10
Q

organ

A

Body part containing two or more tissues functioning together for specific purposes

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11
Q

Pathology

A

The study of disease

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12
Q

physiology

A

The study of how the body functions

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13
Q

resistance

A

any or all factors that resist flow down a gradient

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14
Q

system

A

group of organs functioning together for the same general purposes; any group of related components

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15
Q

tissue

A

group of similar cells that performs a specialized function

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16
Q

regulated variable

A

Body condition that is kept homeostatically within a narrow range using negative feedback examples are blood pressure and body temperature

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17
Q

Planes of division

A

Frontal (coronal plane), divided front and back plan
Sagittal plane, divided through middle body left and right.
Transverse (horizontal plane) divided through middle of body top and bottom

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18
Q

Dorsal cavity

A

two subdivisions: the cranial cavity and spinal cavity (canal)

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19
Q

Ventral cavity

A

subdivisions: Thoracic, abdominal and pelvic

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20
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

above diaphragm, contains heart, lungs (mediastinum, space between the lungs)

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21
Q

abdominal cavity

A

nine regions and four quadrants

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22
Q

pelvic cavity

A

urinary bladder, rectum and reproductive

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23
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant

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24
Q

LUQ

A

Left upper quadrant

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25
Q

RLQ

A

Right lower quadrant

26
Q

LLQ

A

Left lower quadrant

27
Q

nine regions of the abdomen

A

right hypochondriac, epigastric left, left hypochondriac
right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar
right liliac, hypogastric, left liliac

28
Q

Directional terms body

A

(image)

29
Q

superior

A

above or in a higher position, opposite inferior

30
Q

inferior

A

below or lower. the heart is superior to the intestine

31
Q

Anterior

A

(ventral) located towards the belly surface or front of the body

32
Q

posterior

A

(dorsal) locations nearer the back of the body

33
Q

medial

A

nearer to the imaginary plane that passes through the midline of the body. divided into left and right portions.

34
Q

lateral

A

imaginary plane means farther away from the midline, towards the sides of the body. nose is medial to your ears.

35
Q

proximal

A

means nearer to the origin or attachment points of a structure

36
Q

distal

A

means farther from that point. away from an origin or attachment point.

37
Q

6 levels of body organization

A

Body as a whole
organ system (ie.digestive)
Organ (ie.stomach)
Tissue
Cell
Chemical

38
Q

Organs

A

Groups of tissues working together to serve a common function.
(ie. Stomach…composed of all four tissue types
epithelial
muscle
connective
nervous

39
Q

systems

A

organs that function together for the same general purpose
ie. digestive, stomach, liver, mouth etc.

40
Q

Body as a whole

A

organ system working together to maintain the body

41
Q

Chemical level

A

Cells are composed of chemicals such as water, proteins, fats and carbohydrates

42
Q

cellular level

A

cells are the smallest level of organization considered alive
epithelial cells for a barrier in skin

43
Q

tissue level

A

tissues are composed of groups of cells that work together to carry out a common function.

44
Q

4 Types of tissues

A

Epithelial tissue
connective tissue
muscles tissue
nervous tissue

45
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all the chemical reactions in the body

46
Q

catabolism

A

Breaking down of complex molecules (such as nutrients) into simpler compounds for use by the cells resulting int he formation of ATP

47
Q

Anabolism

A

manufacture of large, complex molecules such as enzymes and structural proteins needed for growth
function and repair tissues
this process uses energy ATP

48
Q

homeostasis

A

is maintained by feedback systems

49
Q

controlled condition

A

each thing that is monitored
blood pressure body temperature etc..

50
Q

Stimulus/stressor

A

is any disruption that changes a controlled condition

51
Q

blood pressure is regulated by

A

the nervous system and the endocrine system to stay near a set point

52
Q

hypothalamus

A

a brain region that receives information from sensory receptors

53
Q

Insulin

A

is a hormone that stimulates glucose uptake into cells so that blood glucose levels do not reach toxic levels for levels for the brain

54
Q

negative feedback loop

A

challenge
regulated variable
sensor/control center
signal
effector
response

55
Q

positive feedback system

A

with a positive feedback system, a stimulus enhances the original condition
ie. labour contractions or blood clotting

56
Q

prone

A

lying on stomach

57
Q

supine

A

lying on back

58
Q

mediastinum

A

central region between the two pleural cavities which contains heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland and blood and lymphatic vessels

59
Q

pleural cavities

A

Containing the lungs

60
Q

pleural cavities

A

Containing the lungs

61
Q

pericardial cavity

A

containing the heart

PNUR 113 (11 decks)

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