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PNUR 113 > organization of the human body > Flashcards

organization of the human body Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomic position

A

Standard position of the body for anatomic studies or designations: upright, face front, arms at side with palms forward, and feet parallel.

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2
Q

anatomy

A

study of body structure

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3
Q

cell

A

basic unit of life

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4
Q

disease

A

Illness, abnormal state in which part or all of the body does not function properly or at all

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5
Q

extracellular fluid

A

outside the cell

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6
Q

gradient

A

a difference in specific values between two areas

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7
Q

homeostasis

A

is the steady state (sameness) within an organism

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8
Q

intracellular fluid

A

inside the cell

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9
Q

negative feedback

A

Self regulating system in which the result of an action reverses that action; a method for keeping body conditions within a normal range and maintaining homeostasis

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10
Q

organ

A

Body part containing two or more tissues functioning together for specific purposes

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11
Q

Pathology

A

The study of disease

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12
Q

physiology

A

The study of how the body functions

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13
Q

resistance

A

any or all factors that resist flow down a gradient

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14
Q

system

A

group of organs functioning together for the same general purposes; any group of related components

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15
Q

tissue

A

group of similar cells that performs a specialized function

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16
Q

regulated variable

A

Body condition that is kept homeostatically within a narrow range using negative feedback examples are blood pressure and body temperature

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17
Q

Planes of division

A

Frontal (coronal plane), divided front and back plan
Sagittal plane, divided through middle body left and right.
Transverse (horizontal plane) divided through middle of body top and bottom

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18
Q

Dorsal cavity

A

two subdivisions: the cranial cavity and spinal cavity (canal)

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19
Q

Ventral cavity

A

subdivisions: Thoracic, abdominal and pelvic

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20
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

above diaphragm, contains heart, lungs (mediastinum, space between the lungs)

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21
Q

abdominal cavity

A

nine regions and four quadrants

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22
Q

pelvic cavity

A

urinary bladder, rectum and reproductive

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23
Q

RUQ

A

right upper quadrant

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24
Q

LUQ

A

Left upper quadrant

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25
RLQ
Right lower quadrant
26
LLQ
Left lower quadrant
27
nine regions of the abdomen
right hypochondriac, epigastric left, left hypochondriac right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar right liliac, hypogastric, left liliac
28
Directional terms body
(image)
29
superior
above or in a higher position, opposite inferior
30
inferior
below or lower. the heart is superior to the intestine
31
Anterior
(ventral) located towards the belly surface or front of the body
32
posterior
(dorsal) locations nearer the back of the body
33
medial
nearer to the imaginary plane that passes through the midline of the body. divided into left and right portions.
34
lateral
imaginary plane means farther away from the midline, towards the sides of the body. nose is medial to your ears.
35
proximal
means nearer to the origin or attachment points of a structure
36
distal
means farther from that point. away from an origin or attachment point.
37
6 levels of body organization
Body as a whole organ system (ie.digestive) Organ (ie.stomach) Tissue Cell Chemical
38
Organs
Groups of tissues working together to serve a common function. (ie. Stomach...composed of all four tissue types epithelial muscle connective nervous
39
systems
organs that function together for the same general purpose ie. digestive, stomach, liver, mouth etc.
40
Body as a whole
organ system working together to maintain the body
41
Chemical level
Cells are composed of chemicals such as water, proteins, fats and carbohydrates
42
cellular level
cells are the smallest level of organization considered alive epithelial cells for a barrier in skin
43
tissue level
tissues are composed of groups of cells that work together to carry out a common function.
44
4 Types of tissues
Epithelial tissue connective tissue muscles tissue nervous tissue
45
metabolism
sum of all the chemical reactions in the body
46
catabolism
Breaking down of complex molecules (such as nutrients) into simpler compounds for use by the cells resulting int he formation of ATP
47
Anabolism
manufacture of large, complex molecules such as enzymes and structural proteins needed for growth function and repair tissues this process uses energy ATP
48
homeostasis
is maintained by feedback systems
49
controlled condition
each thing that is monitored blood pressure body temperature etc..
50
Stimulus/stressor
is any disruption that changes a controlled condition
51
blood pressure is regulated by
the nervous system and the endocrine system to stay near a set point
52
hypothalamus
a brain region that receives information from sensory receptors
53
Insulin
is a hormone that stimulates glucose uptake into cells so that blood glucose levels do not reach toxic levels for levels for the brain
54
negative feedback loop
challenge regulated variable sensor/control center signal effector response
55
positive feedback system
with a positive feedback system, a stimulus enhances the original condition ie. labour contractions or blood clotting
56
prone
lying on stomach
57
supine
lying on back
58
mediastinum
central region between the two pleural cavities which contains heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland and blood and lymphatic vessels
59
pleural cavities
Containing the lungs
60
pleural cavities
Containing the lungs
61
pericardial cavity
containing the heart

PNUR 113 (11 decks)

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