Organization Of The CNS Flashcards
3 major features of the spinal cord
- Long and short pathways
- Spinal nerves
- Grey matter
Components of the Brain Stem
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Features of the Brainstem
Transition area between the spinal cord and the brain.
Exiting of the Cranial Nerves
Medulla Contents
Connection between Brainstem and Spinal Cord
Contains Cranial Nerves 9,10,11,12.
REgulates body Homeostasis (HR, Resp, gastric secretions)
Related Reflexes (Vomiting, coughing, sneezing, swallowing)
Pons Contents
Bridge to the Cerebellum
Cranial Nerves 5,6,7,8
Balance, Localizing sound, eye movements, facial expressions
REflexes (eye movement, jaw jerk)
Midbrain (Mesencephalon) Contents
Top of the Brainstem
Cranial Nerves 3 & 4
Control orienting to sound, visual reflexes, motor control.
Cerebellum
Function in motor control and learning, posture, orientation, and balance.
FeedForward control of movement.
“Muscle memory”
DAMAGE HERE CAUSES ATAXIA (DISORDERED MOVEMENT)
Thalamus
Projections from thalamus to cortex are called thalami cortical radiations.
All parts of the Diencephalon
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Subthalamus
What makes up the outer surface of the cerebral hemispheres?
Grey matter. (6 layers of cells)
Gyri- elevations
Sulci- depressions
Corpus Callosum
Communication between the Left and Right Hemispheres
5 Lobes of the cerebral hemispheres
Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital Limbic
Pre and Post Central Gyri (Location and Function)
Pre-central Gyri is anterior to the central sulcus. It is the Primary Motor Cortex
Post-Central Gyri is Posterior to the Central Sulcus. It is the Primary Somatosensory Cortex.
Corticospinal Tract
The major motor pathway from Cortex to the Spinal cord. Nerves decussate in the medulla to control contralateral muscles.
Spinothalamic Tract
Major Sensory tract from the spinal cord back up to the cortex.
Decussation occurs in the spinal cord, so the representation is in the opposite side of the brain.
