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NBB 1 > Meninges And Ventricles > Flashcards

Meninges And Ventricles Flashcards

1
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid

A

Clear, Colorless Liquid
140 mL and is replaced 2-3 times daily.
Provides buoyancy and protects against sudden movements
Maintains pressure and controls ECF of the brain
Some antibacterial properties

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2
Q

Where is CSF Produced

A

Choroid Plexus

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3
Q

TRace the pathway of CSF through the ventricles

A 
LAteral ventricles in cerebral hemispheres 
Intervertebral foramina of Monroe
3rd ventricle in the Diencephalon 
Cerebral aqueduct in midbrain
4th ventricle in pons/medulla
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4
Q

Blood-CSF barrier

A

Choroid plexus along with the CSF form the blood-CSF barrier.

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5
Q

Blood-Brain Barrier

A

Formed by the capillary endothelium and the Astrocyte Foot process.
Protects brain from toxins and the entrance of drugs to the brain.
Does have transporters for some critical molecules (Glucose and proteins)

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6
Q

Things that can disrupt the blood-brain barrier

A

Infections, Tumors, trauma

All causing “vasogenic edema”

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7
Q

Circumventricular Organs

A

Regions where the blood-brain barrier is interrupted. This enables the brain to respond to changes in the blood chemistry (like to vomit if toxins are detected)

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8
Q

Theory of Sleep related to CSF

A

CSF perfusion enables the removal of metabolic waste products (which occurs more during the sleeping state)

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9
Q

FLow of CSF from Ventricles to subarachnoid space

A

4th Ventricle
Foramen of Magendie(Medial) and Luschka(Lateral)
Subarachnoid space around brain and spinal cord
Venous sinuses

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10
Q

LAyers of the Meninges

A

Dura: two layers (periosteal and meningeal)
Arachnoid
Pia

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11
Q

Lumbar punctures (where and why)

A

Measure CSF done at L3-L4 in adults and L4-L5 in children

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12
Q 
Lumbar Puncture indications for 
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Infections
Guillian Barre
Multiple Sclerosis
A

SH: BLood
Infections: UP protein and WBC. DOWN Glucose
GB: UP Protein
MS: 70% of patients have up IgG and oligoclonal bands

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13
Q

Falx Cerebri

A

In between cerebral hemispheres

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14
Q

Falx Cerebelli

A

In between two hemispheres of cerebellum

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15
Q

Tentorium cerebelli

A

In between posterior cerebral hemispheres and the cerebellum

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16
Q

Diaphragm sellae

A

Circular fold beneath the brain that covers the sella turcica

17
Q

Epidural Space

A

A potential space between the dura and the skull

Stuff here is an uh oh spaghetti-o’s

(THERE IS AN ACTUAL EPIDURAL SPACE AROUND THE SPINAL CORD)

18
Q

Subdural Space

A

Potential Space between the dura and the arachnoid

Stuff here is also uh oh Spaghetti-o’s

19
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

Real space where the major arteries of the brain are found

20
Q

Epidural Hematoma

A

From trauma to skull
Lens shaped structure on MRI
Often has a period of lucidity before serious symptoms present

21
Q

Subdural Hematoma

A

Tearing of bridging veins
Crescent shaped on horizontal MRI
Symptoms progress over long period of time.

22
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

A

Bleeding into the subarachnoid space usually secondary to head trauma

Classic presentation is SUDDEN-ONSET SEVERE HEADACHE
(From the blood irritating the meninges)

23
Q

Burst Aneurysms

A

Responsible for 80% of non-traumatic subarachnoid hemmorhages

24
Q

Most common sites for aneurysms

A

Anterior Communicating artery

Posterior Communicating Artery

25
Q

Things that increase intracranial pressure

A

Tumor, Hemmorhages, abscess, edema, hydrocephalus, infection

26
Q

Symptoms of increased intracranial pressure

A

Headache, altered mental states, nausea, vomiting, eyes that look downward, papilledema, visual loss, Diplopia, cushing’s triad (hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respirations)

skull may expand in children

27
Q

Hydrocephalus (definition and causes)

A

Condition of excess CSF

  1. Excess production (choroid plexus tumors)
  2. Obstructed flow anywhere in ventricles or subarachnoid space
  3. Decreased reabsorption via arachnoid granulations
28
Q

Communicating vs non-communicating Hydrocephalus

A

Communicating: lateral ventricles communicate with the subarachnoid space

Non-communicating: flow is obstructed somewhere in the ventricular system.

29
Q

Chiari Malformations (1 and 2)

A
  1. Most common. Cerebellar tonsils below the foramen magnum
    Compression of the Brainstem
  2. Less common. Significant herniation below foramen magnum. Cause aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephalus.
30
Q

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (Elderly)

A

Cause not really understood

Classic Triad of Symptoms: Gait disturbance, Dementia, Urinary Incontinence

NBB 1 (10 decks)

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