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NBB 1 > neurotransmission > Flashcards

neurotransmission Flashcards

1
Q

Steps in Neuron Activation

A

Receive Stimuli
Integrate the Input
Action Potentials are activated at trigger zone. Area with increased number of Na+ channels

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2
Q

Resting Membrane Potential

A

The charge across a neuronal membrane

RMP is usually -65mv

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3
Q

Graded Receptor Potentials

A

More stimuli leads to greater response (neurotransmitter release)

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4
Q

Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potentials (EPSP)

A

From opening Na+ or Ca2+ channels and are

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5
Q

Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potentials (IPSP)

A

Result form opening Cl- or K+ channels

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6
Q

Spatial Summation

A

Number of inputs received are summed

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7
Q

Temporal Summation

A

The timing of inputs sum to reach the threshold

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8
Q

Pre synaptic Inhibition

A

Inhibitory Inputs at axon terminals enables very specific “blocking” of synaptic output.

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9
Q

Post-synaptic Inhibition

A

Inhibitory inputs on post-synaptic neuron may inhibit the entire neuron.

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10
Q

What makes up the action potential

A

Na+ and K+ conductance changes

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11
Q

What determines the conductance speed of peripheral nerve axons?

A

Later diameter and more myelin leads to faster conductance

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12
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

Autoimmune inflammatory disease caused by attacking the oligodendroglial myelin

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13
Q

Guillian-Barre

A

Viral Infection (1-2 weeks after)
Inflammatory induced demyelination in peripheral nerves
Elevated protein in the CSF

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14
Q

Ligand Gated Ion Channel

A

Ionotropic: receptor linked directly to ion channels

Very Fast (

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15
Q

G-Protein coupled receptors

A

Metabotropic: receptor doesn’t have channel. G Protein activation leads to dissociation and interaction with the ion channel.

Responsible for Neuromodulation

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16
Q

Major Excitatory Nuerotransmitters

A

PNS: ACh (nicotinic)

CNS: Glutamate

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17
Q

Major Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

A

CNS: GABA or Glycine (Spinal Cord)

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18
Q

Glutamate

A

The Major Excitatory Neurotransmitter in the CNS

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19
Q

NMDA Receptor

A

Both ligand-gated and voltage-gated channels.
At resting membrane potential the receptor is blocked by MG2+
It allows Ca2+ to pass through the channel

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20
Q

Long Term Potentiation (LTP)

A

Increased responsiveness of post-synaptic neurons after repeated stimulation of neurons

21
Q

GABA

A

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the CNS

Ionotropic receptor opens the Cl- channels

22
Q

Norepinephrine (NE)

A

Functions:Sleep, Wakefulness, Attention, Consciousness, Pain modulation

23
Q

Dopamine

A

Parkinson’s
Addiction (reward pathway), Scizophrenia, Depression
Working memory

24
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Arousal, Memory

Degeneration of the nucleus Basalis occurs in Alzheimer’s disease.

25
Q

Endocannabinoids

A

Excite receptors also activated by THC (marijuana)
Lipid metabolites that cross pre synaptic membranes
Act as Neuromodulation, affecting neuronal excitability. Can decrease transmission of pain signals and decrease nausea and vomiting.

26
Q

Nitric Oxide and Carbon Monoxide

A

Gases that also permeate the plasma membrane. Actions are through second messenger systems. May be involved in neurodegenerative process.

27
Q

Inhibitory Post-Synaptic Potentials (IPSP)

A

Result form opening Cl- or K+ channels

28
Q

Spatial Summation

A

Number of inputs received are summed

29
Q

Temporal Summation

A

The timing of inputs sum to reach the threshold

30
Q

Pre synaptic Inhibition

A

Inhibitory Inputs at axon terminals enables very specific “blocking” of synaptic output.

31
Q

Post-synaptic Inhibition

A

Inhibitory inputs on post-synaptic neuron may inhibit the entire neuron.

32
Q

What makes up the action potential

A

Na+ and K+ conductance changes

33
Q

What determines the conductance speed of peripheral nerve axons?

A

Later diameter and more myelin leads to faster conductance

34
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

Autoimmune inflammatory disease caused by attacking the oligodendroglial myelin

35
Q

Guillian-Barre

A

Viral Infection (1-2 weeks after)
Inflammatory induced demyelination in peripheral nerves
Elevated protein in the CSF

36
Q

Ligand Gated Ion Channel

A

Ionotropic: receptor linked directly to ion channels

Very Fast (

37
Q

G-Protein coupled receptors

A

Metabotropic: receptor doesn’t have channel. G Protein activation leads to dissociation and interaction with the ion channel.

Responsible for Neuromodulation

38
Q

Major Excitatory Nuerotransmitters

A

PNS: ACh (nicotinic)

CNS: Glutamate

39
Q

Major Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

A

CNS: GABA or Glycine (Spinal Cord)

40
Q

Glutamate

A

The Major Excitatory Neurotransmitter in the CNS

41
Q

NMDA Receptor

A

Both ligand-gated and voltage-gated channels.
At resting membrane potential the receptor is blocked by MG2+
It allows Ca2+ to pass through the channel

42
Q

Long Term Potentiation (LTP)

A

Increased responsiveness of post-synaptic neurons after repeated stimulation of neurons

43
Q

GABA

A

Major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the CNS

Ionotropic receptor opens the Cl- channels

44
Q

Norepinephrine (NE)

A

Functions:Sleep, Wakefulness, Attention, Consciousness, Pain modulation

45
Q

Dopamine

A

Parkinson’s
Addiction (reward pathway), Scizophrenia, Depression
Working memory

46
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Arousal, Memory

Degeneration of the nucleus Basalis occurs in Alzheimer’s disease.

47
Q

Endocannabinoids

A

Excite receptors also activated by THC (marijuana)
Lipid metabolites that cross pre synaptic membranes
Act as Neuromodulation, affecting neuronal excitability. Can decrease transmission of pain signals and decrease nausea and vomiting.

48
Q

Nitric Oxide and Carbon Monoxide

A

Gases that also permeate the plasma membrane. Actions are through second messenger systems. May be involved in neurodegenerative process.

NBB 1 (10 decks)

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