Organization of Isocortex Flashcards
Characteristic of cell layers in primary sensory areas
Dense small cells in #4
Characteristic of cell layers in primary motor
Betz cells in #5
Relay nuclei in thalamus projects to
3b-4
Intralaminar nuclei in thalamus project to
All but 4
5 traits of stellate cells
- Spiny
- Star shaped w round soma
- Found in layer 4
- Arborize in multiple directions close to soma
- Axon stay in cortex, projecting to 2-3
Betz cells are?
Large pyramidal cells
Pyramidal cell that project laterally go…
to brother region
Pyramidal cells usually project to
1 layer
4 subcortical regions that pyramidal cells project to
Basal ganglia
thalamus
brainstem
spinal cord
Corticocortical pyramidal cells are found in layers
2, 3, 5
Caliosal pyramidal cells are found in layers
3, 5
Cortistriatal pyramidal cells are found in layer
5
Cortifugal pyramidal cells are found in layer
5
Corticothalamic pyramidal cells are found in layers
5, 6
Corticofugal inclues 4 destinations
Tectum
Pons
Medulla
Spinal Cord
Intrinsic pyramidal vertical axon collaterals do what
arborize in the same area as it’s dendrites
Intrinsic pyramidal horizontal projections do what
Stay in same layer
Can travel up to 10mm
Bring the layer together in patchy connections
What is the major source of input to the LGN
V1 responding about visual info
Non-spiny neurons are always
inhibitory
4 types of non-spiny cells
- Basket cells
- Chandelier cells
- Neurogliaform cells
- Double bouquet cells
Only cells in layer 1 are
non-spiny cells
Basket cells terminate on
Cell bodies and proximal dendrites
Chandelier cells terminate on
Axon hillock of pyramidal cells
Neurogliaform cells terminate on
Distal dendrites of pyramidal cells
Double bouquet cells terminate on
distal dendrites of other non-spiny cells
Calcium binding protein of chandelier cells
Parvalbumin
Calcium binding protein of Double bouquet cells
Calbindin
Calcium binding protein of neurogliaform cells
Calbindin
Calcium binding protein of double bouquet cells that mostly project to other non-spiny cells
Calretin
Neurogliaform dendrites arborize
close to soma
Double bouquet cell dendrites arborize
up and down
The most powerful non-spiny cell is…
Chandelier cells
10 axon terminals packed close together synapsing on axon hillock
2 ways to subdivide non-spiny cells
Neuropeptides contained
CBPs
Basal nucleus of Meynert projects to? with? disfunction found in?
throughout cortex
Ach
Alzheimer’s
Medial septum and diagonal band of Broca projects to? with? disfunction found in?
hippocampus
Ach
Alzheimer’s
Substantia nigra projects to? with? disfunction found in?
Striatum
Dopamine
Parkinson’s
VTA projects to (3)? with? Disfunction found in?
NA, hippocampus, cortex
Dopamine
Schizophrenia
Locus coeruleus projects to? with? Disfunction found in?
Most of brain
Norepinephrine
Panic disorder
Raphe nuclei projects to? with? Disfunction found in?
Throughout brain
5HT
Depression
Cortical feed forward to layers
3, 4
Cortical feedback to layers
All but 4
Corcticolateral input found in layers
All
Location of spiny stellate cells and project to layers?
4
to 2, 3
Location of pyramidal cells and project to layers
mainly 2, 3, 5, 6
to any layer where it arborizes
