Function of anatomical structures Flashcards
Globus pallidus is a?
Basal ganglia nucleus
Corpus callosum
Major commissural tract btw hemispheres
Fornix What? From? To? For?
Major efferent pathway
From: hippocampus
To: forebrain regions
For: learning and memory
Septal area
small nucleus along midline, tightly linked to hippocampus.
Internal capsule
bundle made up of cortical and subcortical axons to and from the cerebral cortex
Cortical white matter
axons that travel to and from the cerebral cortex to other cortical and subcortical regions
Thalamic anterior nuclei
to: cingulate cortex
for: limbic functions
Thalamic ventral lateral nucleu
to: primary motor cortex
for: controlling ongoing movements
Thalamic ventral anterior nucleus
to: pre-motor cortex
for: motor planning
Thalamic ventral posterior nucleus
to: primary somatosensory cortex
for: process info for touch, pain, temp and proprioception
Thalamic lateral geniculate nucleus
to: primary visual cortex
for: processing visual info
Thalamic medial geniculate nucleus
to: primary auditory cortex
for: processing auditory info
Thalamic pulvinar
to: parietal-temporal associate cortices
for: integrating high order sensory info, perception, language
Thalamic mediodorsal nucleus
to: prefrontal cortex
for: processing cognitive ino
Cingulate gyrus
part of limbic system
processes info on emotion, motivation, reward
Pontine nuclei
Pons
from: motor cortex
to: cerebellum
Cerebellum
integrates and processes info for coordination and motor control
Superior colliculus
from: retina
to control eye movements (visual saccades)
PAG
Important in pain suppression
Red nucleus from: to: for: tract:
from: cerebellum
to: spinal cord
for: control of movement
involved in rubrospinal tract
Substantia nigra
In:
For:
In: basal ganglia
contrains dopaminergic
important for: motor control and reward-related behavior
What tracts pass through the basis pedunculi
Corticospinal
Corticobulbar
Corticopontine
Anterior Pyramids
Medulla
has: corticospinal tract
from: motor cortex
to: spinal cord
Pyramidal decussation
Medulla
lateral corticospinal tracts cross
Dorsal column nuclei
Medulla
forms medial lemniscus
receives somatosensory input from dorsal column
Medial lemniscus
from: dorsal column nuclei (gracile and cuneate nuclei)
to: thalamus
about: touch
Reticular formation
large & small neurons & axonal tracts
reticulospinal tract
important for: sensory-motor integration
to: spinal cord & thalamus
Inferior olivary nucleus
source of excitation in Purkinje neurons in cerebellum
important in motor coordination
Sulcus limitans
separates sensory and motor CN nuclei on the ventricular floor
3 types of hypothalamic nuclei
Lateral
Medial
Paraventricular
4 ways brain capillaries differ
- Endothelial cells do not have vesicular transport
- Endothelial cells are not porous
- Endothelial cells are linked by tight junctions
- Capillaries are surrounded by astrocyte end feet
Hypothalamus functions
Autonomic regulation of body temp, hunger, and sleep and secretes neurohormones
Pineal gland
secretes melatonin
involved in sleep/wake cycle
Internal capsule
Carries tracts btw cortex and many subcortical regions
Inferior olive
nucleus that serves as main source of cerebellar input
Broca’s area is for
creating speech
Wernicke’s area is for
understanding language
Putamen
Does 2 things:
Regulate movement
Influence learning
Caudate nucleus is involved in
learning and memory
Cingulate gyrus important in information related to 3 things
Emotions
Motivation
Rewards
4 C-shaped structures
Corpus callosum
Cingulate gyrus
Fornix
Caudate nucleus
