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Neuroanatomy > Function of anatomical structures > Flashcards

Function of anatomical structures Flashcards

1
Q

Globus pallidus is a?

A

Basal ganglia nucleus

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2
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Major commissural tract btw hemispheres

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3
Q 
Fornix
What?
From?
To?
For?
A

Major efferent pathway
From: hippocampus
To: forebrain regions
For: learning and memory

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4
Q

Septal area

A

small nucleus along midline, tightly linked to hippocampus.

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5
Q

Internal capsule

A

bundle made up of cortical and subcortical axons to and from the cerebral cortex

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6
Q

Cortical white matter

A

axons that travel to and from the cerebral cortex to other cortical and subcortical regions

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7
Q

Thalamic anterior nuclei

A

to: cingulate cortex
for: limbic functions

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8
Q

Thalamic ventral lateral nucleu

A

to: primary motor cortex
for: controlling ongoing movements

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9
Q

Thalamic ventral anterior nucleus

A

to: pre-motor cortex
for: motor planning

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10
Q

Thalamic ventral posterior nucleus

A

to: primary somatosensory cortex
for: process info for touch, pain, temp and proprioception

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11
Q

Thalamic lateral geniculate nucleus

A

to: primary visual cortex
for: processing visual info

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12
Q

Thalamic medial geniculate nucleus

A

to: primary auditory cortex
for: processing auditory info

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13
Q

Thalamic pulvinar

A

to: parietal-temporal associate cortices
for: integrating high order sensory info, perception, language

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14
Q

Thalamic mediodorsal nucleus

A

to: prefrontal cortex
for: processing cognitive ino

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15
Q

Cingulate gyrus

A

part of limbic system

processes info on emotion, motivation, reward

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16
Q

Pontine nuclei

A

Pons

from: motor cortex
to: cerebellum

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17
Q

Cerebellum

A

integrates and processes info for coordination and motor control

18
Q

Superior colliculus

A

from: retina

to control eye movements (visual saccades)

19
Q

PAG

A

Important in pain suppression

20
Q 
Red nucleus
from: 
to:
for:
tract:
A

from: cerebellum
to: spinal cord
for: control of movement
involved in rubrospinal tract

21
Q

Substantia nigra
In:
For:

A

In: basal ganglia
contrains dopaminergic
important for: motor control and reward-related behavior

22
Q

What tracts pass through the basis pedunculi

A

Corticospinal
Corticobulbar
Corticopontine

23
Q

Anterior Pyramids

A

Medulla

has: corticospinal tract
from: motor cortex
to: spinal cord

24
Q

Pyramidal decussation

A

Medulla

lateral corticospinal tracts cross

25
Q

Dorsal column nuclei

A

Medulla
forms medial lemniscus
receives somatosensory input from dorsal column

26
Q

Medial lemniscus

A

from: dorsal column nuclei (gracile and cuneate nuclei)
to: thalamus
about: touch

27
Q

Reticular formation

A

large & small neurons & axonal tracts
reticulospinal tract
important for: sensory-motor integration
to: spinal cord & thalamus

28
Q

Inferior olivary nucleus

A

source of excitation in Purkinje neurons in cerebellum

important in motor coordination

29
Q

Sulcus limitans

A

separates sensory and motor CN nuclei on the ventricular floor

30
Q

3 types of hypothalamic nuclei

A

Lateral
Medial
Paraventricular

31
Q

4 ways brain capillaries differ

A
  1. Endothelial cells do not have vesicular transport
  2. Endothelial cells are not porous
  3. Endothelial cells are linked by tight junctions
  4. Capillaries are surrounded by astrocyte end feet
32
Q

Hypothalamus functions

A

Autonomic regulation of body temp, hunger, and sleep and secretes neurohormones

33
Q

Pineal gland

A

secretes melatonin

involved in sleep/wake cycle

34
Q

Internal capsule

A

Carries tracts btw cortex and many subcortical regions

35
Q

Inferior olive

A

nucleus that serves as main source of cerebellar input

36
Q

Broca’s area is for

A

creating speech

37
Q

Wernicke’s area is for

A

understanding language

38
Q

Putamen

Does 2 things:

A

Regulate movement

Influence learning

39
Q

Caudate nucleus is involved in

A

learning and memory

40
Q

Cingulate gyrus important in information related to 3 things

A

Emotions
Motivation
Rewards

41
Q

4 C-shaped structures

A

Corpus callosum
Cingulate gyrus
Fornix
Caudate nucleus

Neuroanatomy (15 decks)

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