Organization and Regulation of Body Systems Flashcards
What is a tissue?
A collection of cells of the same type that perform a common function.
how many major types of tissue are there?
4
what are the major types of tissue? (CMEN)
- Connective
- Muscular
- Nervous
- Epithelial
Binds and supports parts of the body
Connective Tissue
the 3 types of connective tissue
A. Fibrous
- Supportive
- Fluid
Provides support and shock absorption for bones, organs, epithelium tissue, blood vessels and dermis- composed of fibroblast cells which secrete callagen fibers for strangth.
Adiose tissue is a fibrous tissue where fat is stored.
Fibrous connective tissue
examples of fibrous connective tissue
Tendons.
Ligaments.
Dermis of skin.
what does fibrous connective tissue look like?
bundles of collagen fibers and fibroblast cells.
Collagen-composed of protein fiber
Supportive connective tissue
Cartilage
3 types of supportive connective tissue cartilage
Hyaline cartilage.
Elastic cartilage.
Fibrocartilage.
Fine collagen fibers.
Location Nose, ends of long bones and fetal skeleton
Hyaline cartilage (Middle strength)
Most elastic collagen fibers.
Location: the outer ear
Elastic cartilage (Soft Strength)
Strong collagen fibers.
Location: Disks between vertebrae
Fibrocartilage (Strong Strength)
It allows for movement in the body.
Made of muscle cells and protein fibers called actin and myosin.
3 types of muscle tissue.
Muscle Tissue
3 types of muscle tissue
Skeletal.
Smooth.
Cardiac.
what does supportive skeletal muscle tissue look like?
Long, cylindrical cells, multiple nuclei, striated fibers.
Where is supportive skeletal muscle tissue located?
Attached to the bone for voluntary movement
Solid and rigid- made of collagen and calcium.
2 types are distinguished by types of fibers
Bone Tissue
2 types of bone tissue are distinguished by types of fibers
- Compact (made of repeating circular units called osteons.
2 Spongy- an open latticework
Where is supportive compact bone tissue located
Shafts of long bones
Where is supportive spongy bone tissue located?
Ends of long bones
Made of a fluid matrix called plasma and cells
Fluid connective tissue (Blood)
3 cell types for fluid connective tissue (Blood)
Red blood cells.
White blood cells.
Platelets
carries oxygen
Red blood cells
fights infections
White blood cells
Clots blood
Platelets
allows for communication between cells.
Made of 2 major cell types
Nervous tissue
2 types of major cell types
Neurons.
Neuroglia
where is muscle tissue (Smooth) located?
walls of organs and blood vessels
what does muscle tissue (smooth) look like?
1 nucleus, no striations
what does Muscle tissue (cardiac) look like?
single nucleus, striations with darker striations between cells called intercalated disks (Gap Junctions)
where is muscle tissue (Cardiac) located?
Heart
made of dendrites, a cell body and an axon.
Dendrites.
Axons
Nervous tissue (Neurons)
carry information toward cell body
Dendrites
Carry information away from cell body
Axons
cells that support Neurons and maintain homeostasis
Nervous tissue (Neuoglia)
Forms a tight, continuous network which lines body cavities, body surfaces, and glands.
Cells are anchored by a basement membrane on one side
Epithelial Tissue
How do we name epithelial tissue?
The number of cell layers.
Shape of cells
Epithelial tissue with one layer of cells
Simple
Epithelial tissue with more than one layer of cells
Stratified
Epithelial tissue that appears to have layers but only has one layer.
Pseudostratified
Epithelial with cube-shaped cells
Cuboidal
Epithelial tissue with column-shaped cells
Columnar
Epithelial tissue with FLattened shaped cells
Squamous
Can easily be associated with epithelial tissue (the release mucus)
Ex. Found in the gastrointestinal tract (GI)
Goblet cells
is often very convoluted
Epithelial tissue
how are cells connected within a tissue?
Tight junctions.
Adhesion junctions
Gap Junctions
proteins join adjacent plasma membranes- impermeable
Tight Junctions
Cytoskeletal fibers hold cells together- composed of proteins
Adhesion Junctions
A type of intercalated disc-fusion of adjacent plasma membranes with small channels between them to allow small molecules to diffuse- as seen in cardiac muscle
Gap Junctions
2 or more tissue types working together
Organ
is a combination of organs that work together
Organ system
What are the organ systems of the human body?
Integumentary system. Cardiovasculare system. Lymphatic and Immune Systems. Digestive system. Respiratory system. Urinary system.
Protects the body.
Receives sensory input.
It helps control temperature.
Synthesizes Vitamin D.
Integumentary system
Transports blood nutrients, gases, and wastes.
Defends against disease.
Helps control temperature, fluid, and pH balance.
Cardiovasculare System
It helps control fluid balance.
Absorbs fats.
Defends against infectious disease
Lymphatic and Immune Systems
Ingests food.
Digests food.
absorbs nutrients.
Eliminates waste.
Digestive system.
Maintains breathing.
exchanges gases at lungs and tissues.
Helps control pH balance
Respiratory System
Excretes metabolic wastes.
It helps control fluid balance.
Helps control pH balance.
Urinary System
What are the organ systems of the human body?
Skeletal. Muscular. Nervous. Endocrine. Reproductive.
Supports the body. Protects body parts. Helps move the body. Stores minerals. Produces blood cells.
Skeletal system
maintains posture.
Moves body parts. and internal organs.
Produces heat.
Muscular system
receives sensory input.
integrates and stores input.
initiates motor output.
helps coordinate organ systems.
Nervous System
Produces hormones. It helps coordinate organ systems. Responds to stress. helps regulate fluid and pH balance. Helps regulates metabolism.
Endocrine System.
Produces gametes.
Transports gametes.
produces sex hormones.
nurtures and gives birth to offspring in females.
Reproductive system
What is homeostasis?
the ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment in the body.
The nervous and endocrine systems are key to maintaining homeostasis.
Failure to maintains homeostasis results in illness or even death.
