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Bio 105 > Organization and Regulation of Body Systems > Flashcards

Organization and Regulation of Body Systems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a tissue?

A

A collection of cells of the same type that perform a common function.

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2
Q

how many major types of tissue are there?

A

4

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3
Q

what are the major types of tissue? (CMEN)

A
  1. Connective
  2. Muscular
  3. Nervous
  4. Epithelial
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4
Q

Binds and supports parts of the body

A

Connective Tissue

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5
Q

the 3 types of connective tissue

A

A. Fibrous

  1. Supportive
  2. Fluid
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6
Q

Provides support and shock absorption for bones, organs, epithelium tissue, blood vessels and dermis- composed of fibroblast cells which secrete callagen fibers for strangth.

Adiose tissue is a fibrous tissue where fat is stored.

A

Fibrous connective tissue

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7
Q

examples of fibrous connective tissue

A

Tendons.
Ligaments.
Dermis of skin.

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8
Q

what does fibrous connective tissue look like?

A

bundles of collagen fibers and fibroblast cells.

Collagen-composed of protein fiber

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9
Q

Supportive connective tissue

A

Cartilage

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10
Q

3 types of supportive connective tissue cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage.
Elastic cartilage.
Fibrocartilage.

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11
Q

Fine collagen fibers.

Location Nose, ends of long bones and fetal skeleton

A

Hyaline cartilage (Middle strength)

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12
Q

Most elastic collagen fibers.

Location: the outer ear

A

Elastic cartilage (Soft Strength)

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13
Q

Strong collagen fibers.

Location: Disks between vertebrae

A

Fibrocartilage (Strong Strength)

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14
Q

It allows for movement in the body.
Made of muscle cells and protein fibers called actin and myosin.
3 types of muscle tissue.

A

Muscle Tissue

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15
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal.
Smooth.
Cardiac.

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16
Q

what does supportive skeletal muscle tissue look like?

A

Long, cylindrical cells, multiple nuclei, striated fibers.

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17
Q

Where is supportive skeletal muscle tissue located?

A

Attached to the bone for voluntary movement

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18
Q

Solid and rigid- made of collagen and calcium.

2 types are distinguished by types of fibers

A

Bone Tissue

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19
Q

2 types of bone tissue are distinguished by types of fibers

A
  1. Compact (made of repeating circular units called osteons.

2 Spongy- an open latticework

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20
Q

Where is supportive compact bone tissue located

A

Shafts of long bones

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21
Q

Where is supportive spongy bone tissue located?

A

Ends of long bones

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22
Q

Made of a fluid matrix called plasma and cells

A

Fluid connective tissue (Blood)

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23
Q

3 cell types for fluid connective tissue (Blood)

A

Red blood cells.
White blood cells.
Platelets

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24
Q

carries oxygen

A

Red blood cells

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25
Q

fights infections

A

White blood cells

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26
Q

Clots blood

A

Platelets

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27
Q

allows for communication between cells.

Made of 2 major cell types

A

Nervous tissue

28
Q

2 types of major cell types

A

Neurons.

Neuroglia

29
Q

where is muscle tissue (Smooth) located?

A

walls of organs and blood vessels

30
Q

what does muscle tissue (smooth) look like?

A

1 nucleus, no striations

31
Q

what does Muscle tissue (cardiac) look like?

A

single nucleus, striations with darker striations between cells called intercalated disks (Gap Junctions)

32
Q

where is muscle tissue (Cardiac) located?

A

Heart

33
Q

made of dendrites, a cell body and an axon.
Dendrites.
Axons

A

Nervous tissue (Neurons)

34
Q

carry information toward cell body

A

Dendrites

35
Q

Carry information away from cell body

A

Axons

36
Q

cells that support Neurons and maintain homeostasis

A

Nervous tissue (Neuoglia)

37
Q

Forms a tight, continuous network which lines body cavities, body surfaces, and glands.
Cells are anchored by a basement membrane on one side

A

Epithelial Tissue

38
Q

How do we name epithelial tissue?

A

The number of cell layers.

Shape of cells

39
Q

Epithelial tissue with one layer of cells

A

Simple

40
Q

Epithelial tissue with more than one layer of cells

A

Stratified

41
Q

Epithelial tissue that appears to have layers but only has one layer.

A

Pseudostratified

42
Q

Epithelial with cube-shaped cells

A

Cuboidal

43
Q

Epithelial tissue with column-shaped cells

A

Columnar

44
Q

Epithelial tissue with FLattened shaped cells

A

Squamous

45
Q

Can easily be associated with epithelial tissue (the release mucus)
Ex. Found in the gastrointestinal tract (GI)

A

Goblet cells

46
Q

is often very convoluted

A

Epithelial tissue

47
Q

how are cells connected within a tissue?

A

Tight junctions.
Adhesion junctions
Gap Junctions

48
Q

proteins join adjacent plasma membranes- impermeable

A

Tight Junctions

49
Q

Cytoskeletal fibers hold cells together- composed of proteins

A

Adhesion Junctions

50
Q

A type of intercalated disc-fusion of adjacent plasma membranes with small channels between them to allow small molecules to diffuse- as seen in cardiac muscle

A

Gap Junctions

51
Q

2 or more tissue types working together

A

Organ

52
Q

is a combination of organs that work together

A

Organ system

53
Q

What are the organ systems of the human body?

A 
Integumentary system.
Cardiovasculare system.
Lymphatic and Immune Systems.
Digestive system.
Respiratory system.
Urinary system.
54
Q

Protects the body.
Receives sensory input.
It helps control temperature.
Synthesizes Vitamin D.

A

Integumentary system

55
Q

Transports blood nutrients, gases, and wastes.
Defends against disease.
Helps control temperature, fluid, and pH balance.

A

Cardiovasculare System

56
Q

It helps control fluid balance.
Absorbs fats.
Defends against infectious disease

A

Lymphatic and Immune Systems

57
Q

Ingests food.
Digests food.
absorbs nutrients.
Eliminates waste.

A

Digestive system.

58
Q

Maintains breathing.
exchanges gases at lungs and tissues.
Helps control pH balance

A

Respiratory System

59
Q

Excretes metabolic wastes.
It helps control fluid balance.
Helps control pH balance.

A

Urinary System

60
Q

What are the organ systems of the human body?

A 
Skeletal.
Muscular.
Nervous.
Endocrine.
Reproductive.
61
Q 
Supports the body.
Protects body parts.
Helps move the body.
Stores minerals.
Produces blood cells.
A

Skeletal system

62
Q

maintains posture.
Moves body parts. and internal organs.
Produces heat.

A

Muscular system

63
Q

receives sensory input.
integrates and stores input.
initiates motor output.
helps coordinate organ systems.

A

Nervous System

64
Q 
Produces hormones.
It helps coordinate organ systems.
Responds to stress.
helps regulate fluid and pH balance.
Helps regulates metabolism.
A

Endocrine System.

65
Q

Produces gametes.
Transports gametes.
produces sex hormones.
nurtures and gives birth to offspring in females.

A

Reproductive system

66
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

the ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment in the body.
The nervous and endocrine systems are key to maintaining homeostasis.
Failure to maintains homeostasis results in illness or even death.

Bio 105 (6 decks)

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