Organization and Regulation of Body Systems

Question 1

What is a tissue?

Answer 1

A collection of cells of the same type that perform a common function.

Question 2

how many major types of tissue are there?

Answer 2

4

Question 3

what are the major types of tissue? (CMEN)

Answer 3

1. Connective
2. Muscular
3. Nervous
4. Epithelial

Question 4

Binds and supports parts of the body

Answer 4

Connective Tissue

Question 5

the 3 types of connective tissue

Answer 5

A. Fibrous

2. Supportive
3. Fluid

Question 6

Provides support and shock absorption for bones, organs, epithelium tissue, blood vessels and dermis- composed of fibroblast cells which secrete callagen fibers for strangth.

Adiose tissue is a fibrous tissue where fat is stored.

Answer 6

Fibrous connective tissue

Question 7

examples of fibrous connective tissue

Answer 7

Tendons.
Ligaments.
Dermis of skin.

Question 8

what does fibrous connective tissue look like?

Answer 8

bundles of collagen fibers and fibroblast cells.

Collagen-composed of protein fiber

Question 9

Supportive connective tissue

Answer 9

Cartilage

Question 10

3 types of supportive connective tissue cartilage

Answer 10

Hyaline cartilage.
Elastic cartilage.
Fibrocartilage.

Question 11

Fine collagen fibers.

Location Nose, ends of long bones and fetal skeleton

Answer 11

Hyaline cartilage (Middle strength)

Question 12

Most elastic collagen fibers.

Location: the outer ear

Answer 12

Elastic cartilage (Soft Strength)

Question 13

Strong collagen fibers.

Location: Disks between vertebrae

Answer 13

Fibrocartilage (Strong Strength)

Question 14

It allows for movement in the body.
Made of muscle cells and protein fibers called actin and myosin.
3 types of muscle tissue.

Answer 14

Muscle Tissue

Question 15

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 15

Skeletal.
Smooth.
Cardiac.

Question 16

what does supportive skeletal muscle tissue look like?

Answer 16

Long, cylindrical cells, multiple nuclei, striated fibers.

Question 17

Where is supportive skeletal muscle tissue located?

Answer 17

Attached to the bone for voluntary movement

Question 18

Solid and rigid- made of collagen and calcium.

2 types are distinguished by types of fibers

Answer 18

Bone Tissue

Question 19

2 types of bone tissue are distinguished by types of fibers

Answer 19

1. Compact (made of repeating circular units called osteons.

2 Spongy- an open latticework

Question 20

Where is supportive compact bone tissue located

Answer 20

Shafts of long bones

Question 21

Where is supportive spongy bone tissue located?

Answer 21

Ends of long bones

Question 22

Made of a fluid matrix called plasma and cells

Answer 22

Fluid connective tissue (Blood)

Question 23

3 cell types for fluid connective tissue (Blood)

Answer 23

Red blood cells.
White blood cells.
Platelets

Question 24

carries oxygen

Answer 24

Red blood cells

Question 25

fights infections

Answer 25

White blood cells

Question 26

Clots blood

Answer 26

Platelets

Question 27

allows for communication between cells. | Made of 2 major cell types

Answer 27

Nervous tissue

Question 28

2 types of major cell types

Answer 28

Neurons. | Neuroglia

Question 29

where is muscle tissue (Smooth) located?

Answer 29

walls of organs and blood vessels

Question 30

what does muscle tissue (smooth) look like?

Answer 30

1 nucleus, no striations

Question 31

what does Muscle tissue (cardiac) look like?

Answer 31

single nucleus, striations with darker striations between cells called intercalated disks (Gap Junctions)

Question 32

where is muscle tissue (Cardiac) located?

Answer 32

Heart

Question 33

made of dendrites, a cell body and an axon. Dendrites. Axons

Answer 33

Nervous tissue (Neurons)

Question 34

carry information toward cell body

Answer 34

Dendrites

Question 35

Carry information away from cell body

Answer 35

Axons

Question 36

cells that support Neurons and maintain homeostasis

Answer 36

Nervous tissue (Neuoglia)

Question 37

Forms a tight, continuous network which lines body cavities, body surfaces, and glands. Cells are anchored by a basement membrane on one side

Answer 37

Epithelial Tissue

Question 38

How do we name epithelial tissue?

Answer 38

The number of cell layers. | Shape of cells

Question 39

Epithelial tissue with one layer of cells

Answer 39

Simple

Question 40

Epithelial tissue with more than one layer of cells

Answer 40

Stratified

Question 41

Epithelial tissue that appears to have layers but only has one layer.

Answer 41

Pseudostratified

Question 42

Epithelial with cube-shaped cells

Answer 42

Cuboidal

Question 43

Epithelial tissue with column-shaped cells

Answer 43

Columnar

Question 44

Epithelial tissue with FLattened shaped cells

Answer 44

Squamous

Question 45

Can easily be associated with epithelial tissue (the release mucus) Ex. Found in the gastrointestinal tract (GI)

Answer 45

Goblet cells

Question 46

is often very convoluted

Answer 46

Epithelial tissue

Question 47

how are cells connected within a tissue?

Answer 47

Tight junctions. Adhesion junctions Gap Junctions

Question 48

proteins join adjacent plasma membranes- impermeable

Answer 48

Tight Junctions

Question 49

Cytoskeletal fibers hold cells together- composed of proteins

Answer 49

Adhesion Junctions

Question 50

A type of intercalated disc-fusion of adjacent plasma membranes with small channels between them to allow small molecules to diffuse- as seen in cardiac muscle

Answer 50

Gap Junctions

Question 51

2 or more tissue types working together

Answer 51

Organ

Question 52

is a combination of organs that work together

Answer 52

Organ system

Question 53

What are the organ systems of the human body?

Answer 53

``` Integumentary system. Cardiovasculare system. Lymphatic and Immune Systems. Digestive system. Respiratory system. Urinary system. ```

Question 54

Protects the body. Receives sensory input. It helps control temperature. Synthesizes Vitamin D.

Answer 54

Integumentary system

Question 55

Transports blood nutrients, gases, and wastes. Defends against disease. Helps control temperature, fluid, and pH balance.

Answer 55

Cardiovasculare System

Question 56

It helps control fluid balance. Absorbs fats. Defends against infectious disease

Answer 56

Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Question 57

Ingests food. Digests food. absorbs nutrients. Eliminates waste.

Answer 57

Digestive system.

Question 58

Maintains breathing. exchanges gases at lungs and tissues. Helps control pH balance

Answer 58

Respiratory System

Question 59

Excretes metabolic wastes. It helps control fluid balance. Helps control pH balance.

Answer 59

Urinary System

Question 60

What are the organ systems of the human body?

Answer 60

``` Skeletal. Muscular. Nervous. Endocrine. Reproductive. ```

Question 61

``` Supports the body. Protects body parts. Helps move the body. Stores minerals. Produces blood cells. ```

Answer 61

Skeletal system

Question 62

maintains posture. Moves body parts. and internal organs. Produces heat.

Answer 62

Muscular system

Question 63

receives sensory input. integrates and stores input. initiates motor output. helps coordinate organ systems.

Answer 63

Nervous System

Question 64

``` Produces hormones. It helps coordinate organ systems. Responds to stress. helps regulate fluid and pH balance. Helps regulates metabolism. ```

Answer 64

Endocrine System.

Question 65

Produces gametes. Transports gametes. produces sex hormones. nurtures and gives birth to offspring in females.

Answer 65

Reproductive system

Question 66

What is homeostasis?

Answer 66

the ability to maintain a relatively constant internal environment in the body. The nervous and endocrine systems are key to maintaining homeostasis. Failure to maintains homeostasis results in illness or even death.