Chemisity of Life

Question 1

What are atoms?

Answer 1

The structural units of matter

Question 2

What is matter?

Answer 2

Any substance that has mass and takes up space, made up of atoms

Question 3

Atomic nucleus (center of atom), contains:

Answer 3

Protons (+ charge)
Neutrons (no charge)
Electrons ( - charge)

Question 4

Atomic number (#)

Answer 4

The number (#) of protons in the nucleus

Question 5

The atomic number (#) determines the ________ of the atom

Answer 5

Characteristics (Ex. It determinists what element It is)

Question 6

Element s are arranged in the periodic table according to their:

Answer 6

Atomic number (#)

Question 7

of protons and # of neutrons makes up the:

Answer 7

Atomic weight

Question 8

Helium has 2 protons, 2 neutrons , 2 electrons.
What’s the atomic #?
What’s the atomic weight?

Answer 8

Atomic # = 2

Atomic weight = 4

Question 9

Electrons orbit around the nucleus.

True or false

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Different atoms have different electron shell arrangements due to______

Answer 10

The # of electrons they have

Question 11

The outermost layer of electrons are known as:

Answer 11

Valence Electrons

Question 12

The valence electrons of different atoms interact to form:

Answer 12

Chemical bonds

Question 13

Atoms bond together to form :

Answer 13

Molecules Ex. H2O

Question 14

Why is water so important to life?

Answer 14

Water interacts with many other molecules

Ex. Photosynthesis and digestion

Question 15

H20 is an excellent solvent due to its:

Answer 15

Polar nature

Question 16

H20 is a:

Answer 16

Solvent

Question 17

H20 forms:

Answer 17

ions

Question 18

H20 easily degrades into ___ and _____

Answer 18

H+ and OH-

Question 19

Acids have a lot of

Answer 19

H+ (protons)

Question 20

Alkaline (basic) solutions have a lot of

Answer 20

OH- (hydroxyl ions)

Question 21

What measures the amount of H+ and OH- in a solution?

Answer 21

Ph Scale

Question 22

What’s the Ph of Acids?

Answer 22

<7

Question 23

What is the ph level of bases?

Answer 23

> 7

Question 24

What’s the ph level of neutral?

Answer 24

7

Question 25

Carbon (C) can form as many as 4 bonds with other atoms meaning________

Answer 25

It can form large,complicated molecules

Question 26

What contains both (C) and (H) atoms?

Answer 26

Organic molecules

Question 27

A small subunit molecule which can bond with other monomers to form a large molecule chain (polymer)

Answer 27

Monomer

Question 28

A large molecule composed of monomers (repeating subunits)

Answer 28

Polymer

Question 29

The chemical RXN which breaks down large molecules (polymers) into smaller ones (monomers) H20 is absorbed

Answer 29

Hydrolysis

Question 30

How are biological molecules joined together or broken apart?

Answer 30

Dehydration synthesis

Question 31

The chemical relaxation which connects small molecules (monomers) to form large ones. H20 is released through this process

Answer 31

Dehydration synthesis

Question 32

What organic molecules are found in living organisms

Answer 32

Carbohydrates (sugars) Lipids (fats) Proteins ( proteins) Nucleic acid ( DNA)

Question 33

What are carbohydrates and what are they mostly formed by?

Answer 33

Sugars and formed mostly by plants ; end in -ose

Question 34

A simple sugar

Answer 34

Glucose

Question 35

Simple sugars are a important source of ____ for organisms

Answer 35

Energy

Question 36

A carb. Consists of 1 sugar molecule

Answer 36

Monosaccharide (simple sugar)

Question 37

2 sugars linked together

Answer 37

Disaccharide

Question 38

What needs to happen to form sucrose?

Answer 38

Dehydration synthesis

Question 39

3 or more sugars. Linked together Ex.starch- sugar storage in plants Ex. Glycogen- sugar storage in animals

Answer 39

Polysaccharide

Question 40

A polysaccharide, provides structural support for plants. | Made of long chains of glucose subunits

Answer 40

Cellulose

Question 41

What are Lipids?

Answer 41

Are hydrophobic = insoluble in H20

Question 42

What are the groups of lipid?

Answer 42

Group 1 oils, fats and waxes Group 2 phospholipids Group 3 steroids

Question 43

Group 1 oils,fats and waxes

Answer 43

Fats and oils form by dehydration synthesis of 3 fatty acid “tails” and a glycerol backbone

Question 44

Lipids are used for

Answer 44

Energy storage in plants and animals

Question 45

Fats and waxes are solid at room temp; oils are

Answer 45

Liquid

Question 46

Has max amount of H, no double bonds; in animal products

Answer 46

Saturated fat

Question 47

Has < max amount of H, has double bonds; in plant products

Answer 47

Unsaturated fat