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Bio 105 > Chemisity of Life > Flashcards

Chemisity of Life Flashcards

1
Q

What are atoms?

A

The structural units of matter

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2
Q

What is matter?

A

Any substance that has mass and takes up space, made up of atoms

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3
Q

Atomic nucleus (center of atom), contains:

A

Protons (+ charge)
Neutrons (no charge)
Electrons ( - charge)

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4
Q

Atomic number (#)

A

The number (#) of protons in the nucleus

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5
Q

The atomic number (#) determines the ________ of the atom

A

Characteristics (Ex. It determinists what element It is)

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6
Q

Element s are arranged in the periodic table according to their:

A

Atomic number (#)

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7
Q

of protons and # of neutrons makes up the:

A

Atomic weight

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8
Q

Helium has 2 protons, 2 neutrons , 2 electrons.
What’s the atomic #?
What’s the atomic weight?

A

Atomic # = 2

Atomic weight = 4

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9
Q

Electrons orbit around the nucleus.

True or false

A

True

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10
Q

Different atoms have different electron shell arrangements due to______

A

The # of electrons they have

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11
Q

The outermost layer of electrons are known as:

A

Valence Electrons

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12
Q

The valence electrons of different atoms interact to form:

A

Chemical bonds

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13
Q

Atoms bond together to form :

A

Molecules Ex. H2O

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14
Q

Why is water so important to life?

A

Water interacts with many other molecules

Ex. Photosynthesis and digestion

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15
Q

H20 is an excellent solvent due to its:

A

Polar nature

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16
Q

H20 is a:

A

Solvent

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17
Q

H20 forms:

A

ions

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18
Q

H20 easily degrades into ___ and _____

A

H+ and OH-

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19
Q

Acids have a lot of

A

H+ (protons)

20
Q

Alkaline (basic) solutions have a lot of

A

OH- (hydroxyl ions)

21
Q

What measures the amount of H+ and OH- in a solution?

A

Ph Scale

22
Q

What’s the Ph of Acids?

A

<7

23
Q

What is the ph level of bases?

A

> 7

24
Q

What’s the ph level of neutral?

A

7

25
Q

Carbon (C) can form as many as 4 bonds with other atoms meaning________

A

It can form large,complicated molecules

26
Q

What contains both (C) and (H) atoms?

A

Organic molecules

27
Q

A small subunit molecule which can bond with other monomers to form a large molecule chain (polymer)

A

Monomer

28
Q

A large molecule composed of monomers (repeating subunits)

A

Polymer

29
Q

The chemical RXN which breaks down large molecules (polymers) into smaller ones (monomers)
H20 is absorbed

A

Hydrolysis

30
Q

How are biological molecules joined together or broken apart?

A

Dehydration synthesis

31
Q

The chemical relaxation which connects small molecules (monomers) to form large ones.
H20 is released through this process

A

Dehydration synthesis

32
Q

What organic molecules are found in living organisms

A

Carbohydrates (sugars)
Lipids (fats)
Proteins ( proteins)
Nucleic acid ( DNA)

33
Q

What are carbohydrates and what are they mostly formed by?

A

Sugars and formed mostly by plants ; end in -ose

34
Q

A simple sugar

A

Glucose

35
Q

Simple sugars are a important source of ____ for organisms

A

Energy

36
Q

A carb. Consists of 1 sugar molecule

A

Monosaccharide (simple sugar)

37
Q

2 sugars linked together

A

Disaccharide

38
Q

What needs to happen to form sucrose?

A

Dehydration synthesis

39
Q

3 or more sugars. Linked together
Ex.starch- sugar storage in plants
Ex. Glycogen- sugar storage in animals

A

Polysaccharide

40
Q

A polysaccharide, provides structural support for plants.

Made of long chains of glucose subunits

A

Cellulose

41
Q

What are Lipids?

A

Are hydrophobic = insoluble in H20

42
Q

What are the groups of lipid?

A

Group 1 oils, fats and waxes
Group 2 phospholipids
Group 3 steroids

43
Q

Group 1 oils,fats and waxes

A

Fats and oils form by dehydration synthesis of 3 fatty acid “tails” and a glycerol backbone

44
Q

Lipids are used for

A

Energy storage in plants and animals

45
Q

Fats and waxes are solid at room temp; oils are

A

Liquid

46
Q

Has max amount of H, no double bonds; in animal products

A

Saturated fat

47
Q

Has < max amount of H, has double bonds; in plant products

A

Unsaturated fat

Bio 105 (6 decks)

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