Cell Structure And Function

Question 1

What Features are shared by all cells?

Answer 1

Organisms are made up of 1 or more cells.
The cell is the basic unit of structure and function of living things.
Cells arise from previously existing cells

Question 2

Exceptions to cell theory:

Answer 2

The 1st cell could not have arisen from a previously existing cell.
Mitochondrion and chloroplasts contain their own DNA; can self-replicate inside of cells.
Viruses contains DNA and proteins but smaller than cells, lack organelles.
Are non living

Question 3

Separates cell contents from the external environment.

Regulates what comes in and out of the cell.

Answer 3

Cell membrane

Question 4

Is made up of a double layer of phospholipids— the Lipid By-Layer
Is embedded with other molecules such as proteins- “fluid mosaic”

Answer 4

Cell membrane

Question 5

Consists of DNA wrapped in a protein coating.

Non-living because It can on,y reproduce inside living cells (host cells)

Answer 5

VIRUSES

Question 6

Types of cells

Answer 6

Prokaryote.

Eukaryote.

Question 7

No nucleus ( non-membrane bound organelles)
Ex. Bacteria Cells

Answer 7

Prokaryote

Question 8

Has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

Ex. Plant and animal cells

Answer 8

Eukaryote

Question 9

Hydrophilic head groups line the exterior of the membrane.

Hydrophobic tail groups line the interior

Answer 9

Phospholipid

Question 10

cell membrane is:

Answer 10

Selective Permeable

Question 11

Small molecules pass through easily.
large molecules less easily.
Window screen analogy

Answer 11

Selectively Permeable

Question 12

movement of material from an ara of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
1 way molecules pass through cell membrane

Answer 12

Diffusion

Question 13

for diffusion to occur, there must be a :

Answer 13

Concentration Gradient

Question 14

A difference in concentrations from 1 place to another.

Answer 14

Concentration Gradient

Question 15

the result of diffusion when everything is evenly distributed.

Answer 15

Dynamic Equilibrium

Question 16

osmosis

Answer 16

the diffusion of water

Question 17

can affect cells in different ways.

hypotonic, Isotonic, and hypertonic solutions describe the types of environments a cell may be exposed to

Answer 17

Osmosis

Question 18

higher sal concentration inside of the cell than outside. (EX. more water outside of the cell).
So, H2) diffuses into the cell, causing it to swell or burst.
Ex. Red blood cell in Distilled water

Answer 18

Hypertonic Solutions

Question 19

Has same concentration outside the cell as inside the cell.
So, H20 diffuses in and out of the cell at the same rate.
Ex. Fluid surrounding body cells is isotonic

Answer 19

Isotonic Solutions

Question 20

Higher sal concentration outside of cell than inside.(Ex. more water inside the cell).
So, H20 diffuses out of the cell, causing it to shrivel.
Ex. Elodea in saltwater

Answer 20

Hypertonic Solutions

Question 21

Where cellular Respiration occurs (Energy release).

May have originated from prokaryotic cell

Answer 21

Mitochondrion

Question 22

Fluid-filled canals.
Tubes for transport of materials.
Site of lipid synthesis.

Answer 22

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 23

A portion of ER that’s Lined with ribosomes

Answer 23

Rough ER

Question 24

site of protein synthesis.

Found on rough ER and in Cytoplasm

Answer 24

Ribosomes

Question 25

Storage of cellular products, Such as wastes or food.

aka Vessiicle

Answer 25

Vacuoles

Question 26

Control the passage of materials into and out of Nucleus

Answer 26

Nuclear Pores

Question 27

Made up of RNA and Protein.

Where ribosomes are made.

Answer 27

Nucleolus

Question 28

“Control Center” of the cell- houses genetic info (DNA).

COntroles metabolism and reproduction.

Answer 28

Nucleus

Question 29

Sacs containing digestive enzymes.
breaks down wastes (Lysol).
Site of food digestion.
More in animal cells than plant cells

Answer 29

Lysosomes

Question 30

used in cell division.
Animal Cells only.
Made of microtubules

Answer 30

Centrioles

Question 31

Layers of sacs.
Proteins are processed, packed and shipped out.
Lock and key Model

Answer 31

Golgi Body

Question 32

Clear gel inside the cell.
Where organelles are found.
Many chemical reactions occur here

Answer 32

Cytoplasm

Question 33

what are the 2 kinds of transport across cell membranes?

Answer 33

Passive transport and active transport

Question 34

does not require energy.

Lipid bilayer and transports proteins regulate which molecules can cross the membrane

Answer 34

Passive transport

Question 35

simple diffusion.

Facilitated diffusion- diffusion through a transport protein channel

Answer 35

Passive transport

Question 36

Cell uses energy to move molecules from low to high concentration

Answer 36

Active transport

Question 37

moves substances into the cell from the environment.
Ex. Pinocytosis.
Ex. Phagocytosis

Answer 37

Endocytosis

Question 38

Moves H20 into the cell

Answer 38

Pinocytosis

Question 39

Moves solids into the cell

Answer 39

Phagocytosis

Question 40

moves material out of the cell, such as waste products or hormones

Answer 40

Exocytosis

Question 41

why are cells so small?

Answer 41

so nutrients can be efficiently brought into the cell, wastes efficiently excreted.
Because diffusion can only move substances short distances.