Digestive System and Nutrition

Question 1

What are the main steps in digestion

Answer 1

Ingestion and Digestion

Question 2

intake of food

Answer 2

INgestion

Question 3

Breaking down food into smaller molecules that can enter cells.

Answer 3

Digestion

Question 4

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 4

Teeth

Question 5

Chemical Digestion

Answer 5

Enzymes

Question 6

______are broken down into their building blocks

Ex. Proteins to Amino Acids

Answer 6

Organic molecules

Question 7

What are the main steps in digestion?

Answer 7

Movement.
Absorption.
Elimination.

Question 8

food moved along the GI track:

Answer 8

Movement

Question 9

Transport of nutrients across GI tract wall into the blood

Answer 9

Absorption

Question 10

Removal of indigestible material

Answer 10

Elimination

Question 11

what are the 4 major layers that make up the wall of the GI tract?

Answer 11

Mucosa.
Submucosa.
Muscularis.
Serosa.

Question 12

Innermost layer produces mucus and digestive enzymes (epithelial tissue with goblet cells)

Answer 12

Mucosa

Question 13

Contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves

Answer 13

Submucosa

Question 14

Made of smooth muscle that moves food along the GI tract

Answer 14

Muscularis

Question 15

Outer lining that is part of the peritoneum (connective and epithelial tissue)

Answer 15

Serosa

Question 16

what is the pathway that food follows?

Answer 16

Mouth- Pharynx- Esophagus- Stomach- Small intestine- Large intestine- Rectum- Anus

Question 17

The first part of the digestive tract includes the :

Answer 17

Mouth.
Pharynx.
Esophagus

Question 18

salivary glands secrete amylase that begins carbohydrate (chemical ) digestion in the mouth.

Answer 18

The mouth.

Question 19

32 teeth begin mechanical digestion

Answer 19

The mouth

Question 20

Tongue assists in mechanical breakdown and movement of food (bolus) to the pharynx

Answer 20

The mouth

Question 21

leads to trachea and esophagus: carries food and air before forking into-Trachea and Esophagus

Answer 21

Pharynx

Question 22

Carries air to lungs (A is for Air)

Answer 22

TrAchea

Question 23

muscular tube carries food to the stomach (PHA is for food)

Answer 23

EsoPHAgus

Question 24

how do we swallow food?

Answer 24

Voluntary phase and Involuntary phase

Question 25

Food moved from the mouth into the pharynx

Answer 25

Voluntary phase

Question 26

Once in the pharynx, swallowing becomes a reflex, moving food down the esophagus via peristalsis. (smooth muscle)

Answer 26

Involuntary phase

Question 27

the flap of cartilage prevents food/liquid from entering the trachea

Answer 27

Epiglottis

Question 28

burning of the esophagus from reflux of stomach acid

Answer 28

Heartburn

Question 29

the mucosa layer has deep folds called rugae- contain glands that secrete enzyme-rich gastric juices. Ex. pepsin, an enzyme that breaks down proteins

Answer 29

The stomach

Question 30

HCI gives stomach a pH of 2 and denatures proteins

Answer 30

The stomach

Question 31

Pepsins rate of reaction is

Answer 31

a pH level around 1

Question 32

Trypsins rate of reaction is

Answer 32

a pH level around 8

Question 33

a bacterium, Helicobacter Pylori, lives in stomach mucus and can cause gastric____

Answer 33

Ulcers

Question 34

site of carbohydrate, protein and fat digestion

Answer 34

The small intestine

Question 35

Bile secreted by gallbladder helps emulsify fats

Answer 35

The small intestine

Question 36

Digested food is absorbed through large surface area created by numerous villi (finger-like projections_ and microvilli

Answer 36

The small intestine

Question 37

Pancreas. Liver. Gallbladder are all____

Answer 37

Accessory organs

Question 38

Secretes enzymes into small intestine: Trypsin. Lipase. Pancreatic amylase

Answer 38

The pancrease

Question 39

Digests proteins

Answer 39

Trypsin

Question 40

digests fats

Answer 40

Lipase

Question 41

Digests carbohydrates

Answer 41

Pancreatic amylase

Question 42

stores and releases bile for lipid digestion into the small intestine( emulsification)

Answer 42

Gall bladder

Question 43

produces bile. Removes iron, vitamins A, D , E and B12 from the blood and stores them. Stores glucose as glycogen to regulate blood glucose levels. Breaks down toxins and old hemoglobin

Answer 43

Liver

Question 44

Hepatitis. | Cirrhosis

Answer 44

Liver disorders

Question 45

Inflammation of the liver. caused by hepatitis A, B and C viruses (currently no help for Hep C) This can lead to liver damage, cancer, and/or death

Answer 45

Hepatitis

Question 46

the liver becomes fatty and eventually, this tissue is replaced by fibrous scar tissue. seen in alcoholics and obese individuals. can lead to liver failure.

Answer 46

Cirrhosis

Question 47

Includes the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal

Answer 47

The large intestine

Question 48

Functions include; Absorbs water. Absorbs vitamins (B complex and K)produced by intestinal flora

Answer 48

The large intestine

Question 49

``` Diarrhea Constipation. Hemorrhoids. irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) Diverticulosis ```

Answer 49

Disorders of the colon and rectum

Question 50

Enlarged and inflamed blood vessels of the anus due to chronic constipation, pregnancy, aging and any intercourse

Answer 50

Hemorrhoids

Question 51

Muscularis layer contracts without coordination; characterized by chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain

Answer 51

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Question 52

inflammation of small pouches (diverticula) in the walls of the GI tract (typically the colon)

Answer 52

Diverticulosis

Question 53

Microorganisms that live in the digestive tracts of animals -A mutation. Many benefits, such as aiding in the digestion of foods we don't have enzymes for. prebiotics and probiotics? Antibiotics? Fiber?

Answer 53

Intestinal (GUT) Flora