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Biology > Organisms and life processes > Flashcards

Organisms and life processes Flashcards

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1
Q

Eight life processes

A

MRS H GREN-
Movement:action of muscles/growth movement in plants
Respiration:release of energy in cells
Sensitivity:reaction to stimuli
Homeostasis: control of internal conditions
Growth:size increase
Reproduce:offspring
Excrete:waste removal
Nutrition:Plants make own/animals eat other organisms

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2
Q

Animal cell

A

Mitochondria: Where respiration occurs
Cell membrane: Controls the movement of substances in and out of cell
Cytoplasm:Jelly-like substance
nucleus:contains chromosomes.controls cells activity
ribosomes:where protein is made

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3
Q

Plant cell

A

Mitochondria:where respiration happens
cytoplasm:Jelly-like substance
chloroplasts:contain a green pigment called chlorophyll
cell wall:not in animal cells.Keep cell in shape.Made of cellulose
Vacuole: contains cell sap
nucleus:controls cells activity
ribosomes:where proteins are made

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4
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Are complex and include :
- animal cells
- protists
- fungi
- plant cells

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5
Q

Unicellular cells

A

Contain a single strand of DNA and are free to float around e.g Bacterial cells

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6
Q

Eukaryotic organism

A

multicellular and have a nucleus e.g animals,plants,fungi and protists

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7
Q

Prokaryotic organism

A

Main forms are bacteria.Dna is loose in the cytoplasm as there is no nucleus

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8
Q

Bacteria

A

Prokaryotes.Some species have a capsule on their cell wall giving the bacteria extra protection

-cell membrane
- ribosomes
- cytoplasm
-cell wall
-plasmids

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9
Q

Plasmids

A

Circular rings of DNA carrying the bacteriums genes

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10
Q

Viruses

A
  • parasites and can only reproduce in living cells
  • no nucleus
  • no cell wall
  • no chloroplast
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11
Q

Unicellualr Fungi example

A

Yeast= Unicellular.Have cell walls made of chitin

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12
Q

Mushrooms

A

Under the soil the mushroom has many fine-like filament called Hyphae.

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13
Q

Mould

A

Consists of a network of Hyphae called Mycellium

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14
Q

Pathogens

A

Microrganisms that cause disease and there are 4 types:

  • Viruses
  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
  • Protists
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15
Q

Pathogens life cycle

A

1- infect a host
2- reproduce a replicate of virus
3- spread from their host
4- infect other organisms

Diseases caused by pathogens are called communicable diseases

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16
Q

non-communicable diseases

A

1.Inherited diseases (cystic fibrosis)
2.deficiency diseases(scurvy)
3.diseases like cancer which develop from exposure to carcinogens

17
Q

Cells,tissues and organs flow diagram

A

organelles → cells → tissues → organs → organ system

18
Q

Magnification

A

Image size/actual= magnification

19
Q

Stem cells in humans

A

Cells that have not yet undergone differentiation e.g an embryo (Embryonic stem cells).They can only differentiate into related cell types

Adult stem cells can be found in the brain, eyes, liver and heart

20
Q

Differentiation

A

The process by which cells become specialised for their roles

21
Q

Stem cells in plants

A

Cell division in plants occurs in regions called meristems.

Cells of the meristems divide by mitosis and produce unspecialised cells.These cells can differantiate to produce all types of plant cells at any time in the plants life (never fully differentiate).

22
Q

Embryonic stem cells

A
  • Can become specialised to form any type of cell by switching genes on and off.
    -nThe embryonic stem cells receive signals from other cells so they turn the correct genes on and off.
    -Most cells in a human embryo begin to become specialised when the embryo has eight cells to allow the organism to have all the tissue it need to survive and function
23
Q

Virus pathogens in humans

A

an example in humans being HIV

24
Q

Bacteria pathogens in humans

A

an example in
humans: Salmonella

25
Q

Fungi pathogens in humans

A

an example in humans being Athletes foot

26
Q
  • Protists pathogen in humans
A

an example in humans being Malaria

27
Q

Organelle

A

cell structure that is specialised to carry out a particular function or job

28
Q

cells

A

building block of all living organisms

29
Q

tissue

A

groups of cells with similar structures, working together to perform function

30
Q

organs

A

Structure made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform specific functions

31
Q

Organ system

A

group of organs working together to perform body functions

32
Q

Multicellular Fungi

A

Mushrooms, toadstools and mould

33
Q

Protist pathogen in plants

A

Saprobe

34
Q

fungi pathogens in plants

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

35
Q

Bacteria pathogens in plants

A

Agrobacteria

36
Q

Virus pathogens in plants

A

tobacco mosaic virus

37
Q

How does a plant cell store carbohydrates?

A

as starch or sucrose

38
Q

What is the cell wall in plants made of?

A

cellulose

39
Q

How do animal cells store carbohydrates?

A

glycogen

Biology (10 decks)

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