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Biology > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Photosynthesis function

A

turning light into chemical energy

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2
Q

What organisms use photosynthesis to make food?

A

producers

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3
Q

what type of reaction is photosynthesis?

A

Endothermic

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4
Q

Where in plants does photosynthesis take place

A

In the chloroplasts

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5
Q

photsynthesis word equation

A

Carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen

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6
Q

Photosynthesis sign equation

A

6CO2+6H2O–>C6H12O6+6O2

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7
Q

effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis

A
  • As temp increases so does the rate of photosynthesis
  • Once the temperature exceeds the optimum, the rate of photosynthesis decreases as the enzymes begin to denature
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8
Q

Effect of light intensity in the rate of photosynthesis

A

As the light intensity increases so does the rate of photo synthesis

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9
Q

Effect of carbon dioxide on the rate of photosynthesis

A

As the concentration of carbon dioxide increases, so does the rate of photosynthesis

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10
Q

Limiting factor

A

A factor that limits the rate of reaction when there is not enough of it

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11
Q

How are leaves adapted for photosynthesis

A
  • Thin and provide short diffusion pathway
    -The spongy mesophyll + palisade mesophyll cells have lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis
  • waxy cuticle
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12
Q

What are mineral ions used for in plants

A

plant growth

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13
Q

common ions in plants

A

Magnesium ion
Nitrate ion

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14
Q

Magnesium ion use

A

used to make chlorophyll

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15
Q

What are nitrate ions used for

A

Used to make proteins which promote healthy growth

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16
Q

Why is a balanced diet important?

A

The body needs different substances to function properly, too much or too little of different things can be harmful

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17
Q

What 7 groups are needed for a balanced diet

A

Carbohydrates,proteins,lipids,vitamins,minerals,water and dietary fibre

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18
Q

What is the function of carbohydrates in the diet?

A

The body’s main source of energy

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19
Q

What is the function of protein in the body

A

growth and repair

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20
Q

Functions of lipids in the body

A
  • energy storage
  • cell membranes
  • Buoyancy
  • Insulation
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21
Q

What is vitamin A used for?

A

-Keeping the skin healthy
- Improved vision in the dark
- strengthening the immune system

22
Q

What is vitamin C used for?

A

Growth and repair

23
Q

What is vitamin D used for

A

The absorption of calcium

24
Q

What is calcium used for in the body

A

Strengthens bones and teeth

25
Q

What is Iron used for in the body

A

In haemoglobin to transport oxygen in the blood

26
Q

What is water used for in the body

A

needed for cell reactions to take place
- temperature control;
- transport

27
Q

Cuticle

A

thin and waxy to prevent infection and stop water loss

28
Q

where does photosynthesis take place

A

in the chloroplasts

29
Q

what is the alimentary canal

A

the complete tube food passes through as it passes through the body

30
Q

difference between the alimentary canal and digestive system

A

Alimentary canal- just involves tubes food passes through
digestive system- the same tubes + digestive glands

31
Q

passage of food through the alimentary canal

A

Mouth–> Oesophagus–>stomach –> small intestine –>large intestine—> rectum

32
Q

mouth function

A
  • to chew and break down food
  • secrete digestive enzymes
33
Q

what is the oesophagus

A

tube that carries food frm the mouth to the stomach

34
Q

stomach function

A

muscular sac containing acid the pummels the food and breaks it down further

35
Q

pancreas role in digestion

A

secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine

36
Q

2 parts of small intestine names

A

Duodenum and ileum

37
Q

duodenum function

A

recieves food from the stomach and uses enzymes and chemical digestion to break down food

38
Q

ileum function

A

where nutrients are absorbed from the food into the blood

39
Q

How is the ileum adapted for absorption

A

lined with villi which provide a large surface area for reabsortion

40
Q

villi adaptations for absorption

A
  • thin walls
    -large surface area
  • good blood supply close to the surface
41
Q

function of the colon

A

where water is reabsorbed into the blood

42
Q

rectum function

A

stores faeces b4 egestion

43
Q

How does peristalsis work

A

muscles contract in a wave like fashion and push food along

44
Q

what enzymes breal down starch into glucose

A

maltase and amylase

45
Q

what breaks down protein into amino acids

A

protease

46
Q

what breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

A

lipase

47
Q

bile function

A
  • neutralises stomach acid and provides alkaline conditions for the digestive enzymes in the small intestine
  • emulsifiers fats
48
Q

where is bile produced

A

liver

49
Q

where is bile stored?

A

in the gall bladder

50
Q

chlorophyll function

A

it absorbs energy from light; this energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide to carbohydrates.

Biology (10 decks)

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