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Biology > Gas exchange > Flashcards

Gas exchange Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Diffusion

A

the passive movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration

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2
Q

What gas do plants take in for respiration?

A

oxygen (O2)

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3
Q

Adaptations of leaves for gas exchange

A
  • Stomata (pores) allows diffusion of gases in and out of plant
  • thin to allow for short path of diffusion
  • Air spaces in the spongy mesophyll layer to allow gases to diffuse
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4
Q

What gas do plants need to remove from respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide

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5
Q

what gas do plants need to take in for photo synthesis?

A

Carbon dioxide

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6
Q

What gas do plants need to remove from photosynthesis?

A

Oxygen

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7
Q

Why isn’t the stomata open permanently?

A

To prevent water loss/ for water retention

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8
Q

Why do plants produce CO2 at night compared to O2?

A
  • Respiration is 24/7 but photosynthesis is only during the day
  • Respiration releases CO2 whereas Photosynthesis releases O2
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9
Q

Structure of alveoli

A
  • one cell thick to allow carbon dioxide and oxygen to pass through them
  • surrounded by capillaries for quick path of diffusion
  • Large SA:V ratio
  • covered in a thin film of moisture which dissolve oxygen shortening the path of diffusion even further
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10
Q

pleural membrane

A
  • covers lungs, prevents friction and keeps the lungs moist
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11
Q

intercoastal muscles

A

a group of muscles found in between ribs, involved in breathing by changing size of thorax

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12
Q

Process of breathing out

A
  • Diaphragm relaxes and moves up
  • external intercostal muscles relax and ribs move down
  • volume in thorax decreases and air moves out
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13
Q

Process of breathing in

A
  • Diaphragm contracts and moves down
  • external intercostal muscles contract and ribs move up
  • Volume in thorax increases air is drawn in whilt pressure decreases
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14
Q

Health issues caused by smoking

A
  • lung cancer
  • bronchitis
  • Coronary heart disease
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15
Q

Smokers cough

A
  • cillia on cells lining the trachea waft mucus containing dirt and bacteria out of the lungs
  • Smoking can kill cells lining the trachea
  • A build up of mucus in the lungs can cause smokers cough
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16
Q

photosynthesis word equation

A

carbon dioxide + water —> oxygen + glucose

light is needed for reaction to happen

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17
Q

Guard cell

A

cells that open or close the stomata by absorbing or losing water

18
Q

ribs

A

protection of internal organs

19
Q

Diaphragm

A

changes the pressure inside the thorax

20
Q

Trachea

A

where air flows into the lungs

21
Q

bronchi

A

trachea divides into two bronchi

22
Q

bronchioles

A

divide into smaller tubes that are attached to alveoli

23
Q

alveoli

A

where gas exchange takes place

24
Q

Emphysema

A

Smoking causes the alveoli walls to break down and form together. Lowering the efficency of gas exchange

People with emphysema carry less oxygen in their blood and find even mild excercise difficult

25
Q

Lung cancer

A

Carcinogens in cigarettes cause lung cancer
Such as:
- tar
-

26
Q

Bronchitis

A

Sticky mucus in the lungs traps pathogens. The mucus is normally swept out of the lungs by the cilia on the epithelial cells lining the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. If this does not happen, bronchitis can occur.

27
Q

Word equation for respiration

A

Oxygen + glucose —> water + carbon dioxide + ATP

28
Q

Respiration symbol equation

A

C6H12O6+O2 —-» 6CO2+ H2O

29
Q

How can you test that humans breathe out CO2?

A

Lime water test

if present goes from colourless -> cloudy

30
Q

Explain how coronary heart disease can cause death

A
  • Can block major arteries and stop the flow of oxygen to the heart causing muscle death
  • less respiration
  • less blood to the heart
31
Q

mutation

A

rare damage to the cells

32
Q

nicotine

A

increase heart rate putting strain on the heart

33
Q

effect of smoking on babies

A
  • birth weight is reduced
  • increased risk of miscarriage
    -long term development of the child is affected
34
Q

Coronary heart disease (CHD)

A

Smoking damges the lining of arteries
- the damages encourages build up of fatty materials in the arteries
- Plaque build up in arteries can cause clot to form
- clots can block ateries and limit blood flow to the heart

35
Q

factors that affect rate of diffusion

A
  • surface area
  • concentration
  • distance
  • size of molecules
36
Q

Practical: Investigate breathing in humans

A
  • record rate of breathing at rest for two minutes
  • after exercise record rate of breathing every minute until it returns back to normal
37
Q

where is cillia found?

A

on the epithelial cells lining the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles.

38
Q

hydrogen carbonate indicator in co2

A

yellow

39
Q

ydrogen carbonate indicator in less/no co2

A

orange/red

40
Q

why do internal conditions need to be controlled

A

to keep the body at optimum temperature for enzymes

41
Q

why do smaller organisms have quicker rate of respiration

A
  1. larger sa to v ratio
  2. small lose heat quick
    3.faster rate of respiration when small

Biology (10 decks)

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