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Microbiology > Organism(s)/Virulence factors (pathogenicity) > Flashcards

Organism(s)/Virulence factors (pathogenicity) Flashcards

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1
Q

S. aureus

A

Immune modulators
- Protein A, Coagulase, Hemolysins, Leukocidin, Catalase, Penicillinase

Factors permitting penetration
- Hyaluronidase, Fibrinolysin, Lipases

Toxins
- Exfolatin, Enterotoxins (heat-stable), Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1)

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2
Q

S. epidermidis

A

Catalase, urease, and biofilms

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3
Q

S. saprophyticus

A

Catalase and urease

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4
Q

S. pneumoniae

A

Capsule and IgA protease

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5
Q

S. mutans and S. mitis

A

Dextran biofilms

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6
Q

S. pyogenes

A
  • M protein
  • Streptolysins S and O
  • Pyrogenic exotoxins
  • Streptokinases
  • Hyaluronidase
  • Streptococcal DNAse
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7
Q

S. agalactiae

A

Capsule, beta hemolysin and CAMP factor

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8
Q

S. bovis

A

Unknown

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9
Q

Enterococci (E. faecalis and E. faecium)

A

Bile/salt tolerance

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10
Q

B. anthracis

A
  • Capsule (polypeptide)
  • Anthrax toxin which includes 3 components
  • Protective antigen (B component)
  • Lethal factor
  • Edema factor
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11
Q

B. cereus

A
  • Emetic toxin (preformed toxin)

- Diarrheal toxin

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12
Q

C. tetani

A

Tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin)

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13
Q

C. botulinum

A

Heat-labile toxin (A-B neurotoxin) most common serotypes are A, B and E

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14
Q

C. perfringens

A
  • Spores
  • Alpha toxin (phospholipase C) a lecithinase
  • 12 other toxins which damage tissues
  • Enterotoxin
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15
Q

C. difficile

A
  • Toxin A (enterotoxin)

- Toxin B (cytotoxin)

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16
Q

C. diphtheriae

A

Diphtheria toxin (A-B component) with local effect forming dirty gray pseudomembrane and systemic effect leading to heart and nerve damage

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17
Q

L. monocytogenes

A
  • Listeriolysin O ( a beta hemolysin)

- Jets directly from cytoplasm to another cell by actin filament formation

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18
Q

Nocardia

A

Unknown

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19
Q

Actinomyces

A

Invasive growth in tissues with compromised oxygen supply

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20
Q

M. tuberculosis

A
  • Facultative intracellular organism
  • Sulfatides (sulfolipids in cell envelope)
  • Cord factor (trehalose dimycolate)
  • Tuberculin (surface protein)
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21
Q

M. leprae

A

Obligate intracellular organism

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22
Q

M. avium intracellulare

A

Unknown

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23
Q

M. kansasii

A

Unknown

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24
Q

M. scrofulaceum

A

Unknown

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25
Q

M. marinum

A

Unknown

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26
Q

M. catarrhalis

A

Endotoxin

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27
Q

P. mirabilis

A
  • Urease
  • Motility
  • Endotoxin
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28
Q

P. vulgaris

A
  • Urease
  • Motility
  • Endotoxin
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29
Q

N. gonorrhoeae

A
  • Pili

- Outer membrane proteins (OMP I, Opa proteins [opacity], IgA protease)

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30
Q

N. meningitidis

A
  • Capsule (polysaccharide)
  • IgA protease
  • Endotoxin (lipooligosaccharide) overproduction of outer membrane
  • Pili and outer membrane proteins
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31
Q

H. influenzae

A
  • Capsule (type b is polyribitol phosphate)

- IgA protease

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32
Q

H. ducreyi

A

Unknown

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33
Q

B. pertussis

A
  • Attachment through filamentous hemagglutinin and pertussis toxin
  • Toxins
  • Adenylate cyclase toxin
  • Tracheal toxin
  • Endotoxin
  • Pertussis toxin
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34
Q

L. pneumophila

A
  • Facultative intracellular organism

- Endotoxin

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35
Q

P. aeruginosa

A
  • Endotoxin
  • Pseudomonas exotoxin
  • Capsule/slime layer
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36
Q

E. coli

A
  • Motility
  • Pili, X-adhesins, beta hemolysin
  • Capsule (K1)
  • Endotoxin
  • LT and ST toxins (ETEC)
  • Rearrangement of actin and effacement of brush boarder micovilli by adherence to M cells (EPEC)
  • Verotoxin 1 and 2 (EHEC)
  • Fimbriae produce biofilm and enterotoxin EAST (EAEC)
  • Elongation of microvilli with bacteria embedded in cell membrane (DAEC)
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37
Q

K. pneumoniae

A

Capsule and endotoxin

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38
Q

C. jejuni

A

Low infectious dose (as few as 500) and local invasion

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39
Q

S. typhi

A
  • Resistant to macrophage killing due to decrease fusion of lysosomes with phagosomes and defensins
  • Vi capsular antigen (withstands complement-mediated killing)
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40
Q

S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium

A

Endotoxin

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41
Q

S. paratyphi

A

Resistant to macrophage killing due to decrease fusion of lysosomes with phagosomes and defensins

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42
Q

Shigella

A
  • Endotoxin
  • Polymerize actin jet trails to go laterally in M cells without going back in extracellular milieu
  • Shiga toxin (S. dysenteriae) which is neurotoxic, cytotoxic and enterotoxic
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43
Q

V. cholerae

A
  • Motility (mucinase and toxin coregulated pili [TCP])

- Cholera enterotoxin

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44
Q

V. parahemolyticus

A

Unknown

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45
Q

V. vulnificus

A

Unknown

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46
Q

Y. enterocolitica

A
  • Enterotoxin and endotoxin

- Multiplies in cold

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47
Q

Y. pestis

A
  • Coagulase
  • Endotoxin and exotoxin
  • Envelope antigen (F-1)
  • Type III secretion system which suppress cytokine production and resists phagocytic killing
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48
Q

H. pylori

A
  • Motile
  • Urease
  • Mucinase
  • Local invasion
  • Type I produce vacuolating cytotoxin
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49
Q

L. interrogans

A

Unknown

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50
Q

B. burgdorferi

A

Unknown

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51
Q

B. recurrentis

A

Antigenic variation

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52
Q

T. pallidum

A

Unknown

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53
Q

B. henselae

A

Unknown

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54
Q

P. multocida

A

Endotoxin and capsule

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55
Q

G. vaginalis

A

Works synergistically with other normal flora

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56
Q

E. corrodens

A

Unknown

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57
Q

C. canimorsus

A

Unknown

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58
Q

HACEK group infections

A

Unknown

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59
Q

B. fragilis

A

Modified LPS and capsule

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60
Q

F. tularensis

A

Facultative intracellular organism

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61
Q

Brucella spp.

A
  • Endotoxin

- Facultative intracellular organism

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62
Q

R. rickettsii

A

Invade endothelial cells lining capillaries causing vasculitis of many organs including brain, liver, skin, lungs, kidney and GI tract

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63
Q

R. akari

A

Unknown

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64
Q

R. prowazekii

A

Unknown

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65
Q

R. typhi

A

Unknown

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66
Q

O. tsutsugamushi

A

Unknown

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67
Q

C. burnetii

A

Unknown

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68
Q

E. chafeensis

A

Unknown

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69
Q

E. phagocytophila

A

Unknown

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70
Q

Anaplasma spp.

A

Unknown

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71
Q

C. trachomatis

A

Infection of non-ciliated columnar or cuboidal epithelial cells of mucosal surfaces

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72
Q

C. pneumoniae

A

Intracellular growth

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73
Q

C. psittaci

A

Intracellular growth

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74
Q

M. pneumoniae

A
  • Attaches to respiratory epithelium via P1 protein
  • Inhibits ciliary action
  • Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radicals and cytolytic enzymes
  • Functions as a superantigen
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75
Q

U. urealyticum

A

Urease

76
Q

H. capsulatum

A

Facultative intracellular organism

77
Q

C. immitis

A

Endospores

78
Q

B. dermatitidis

A

Unknown

79
Q

A. fumigatus

A

Unknown

80
Q

C. albicans

A

Unknown

81
Q

C. neoformans

A

Unknown

82
Q

Mucor, Rhizopus and Absidia

A

Unknown

83
Q

P. jirovecii

A

Kills type I pneumocytes causing excess replication of type II pneumocytes and damage to alveolar epithelium

84
Q

M. furfur

A

Unknown

85
Q

Dermatophytes

A

Unknown

86
Q

S. schenckii

A

Unknown

87
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis

A

Unknown

88
Q

G. lamblia

A

Ventral sucking disk attaches to lining of duodenal wall

89
Q

E. histolytica

A

Unknown

90
Q

Cryptosporidium spp. (C. parvum)

A

Unknown

91
Q

I. belli

A

Unknown

92
Q

C. cayetanesis

A

Unknown

93
Q

Microsporidia spp.

A

Unknown

94
Q

T. vaginalis

A

Unknown

95
Q

T. gondii

A

Unknown

96
Q

N. fowleri

A

Unknown

97
Q

T. brucei

A

Antigenic variation

98
Q

Acanthamoeba

A

Unknown

99
Q

P. vivax

A
  • Metabolism of hemoglobin and lysis of infected cells

- Agglutination of infected RBCs

100
Q

P. ovale

A
  • Metabolism of hemoglobin and lysis of infected cells

- Agglutination of infected RBCs

101
Q

P. malarie

A
  • Metabolism of hemoglobin and lysis of infected cells

- Agglutination of infected RBCs

102
Q

P. falciparum

A
  • Metabolism of hemoglobin and lysis of infected cells

- Agglutination of infected RBCs

103
Q

T. cruzi

A

Unknown

104
Q

L. donovanii

A

Unknown

105
Q

L. braziliensis

A

Unknown

106
Q

Leishmania spp.

A

Unknown

107
Q

B. microti

A

Unknown

108
Q

E. vermicularis

A

Unknown

109
Q

A. lumbricoides

A

Migration to lungs and physical intestinal obstruction

110
Q

T. canis or cati

A

Wander aimlessly until they die

111
Q

T. trichiura

A

Unknown

112
Q

S. stercoralis

A

Unknown

113
Q

T. spiralis

A

Unknown

114
Q

A. braziliense and caninum

A

Unknown

115
Q

N. americanus

A

Unknown

116
Q

W. bancrofti

A

Unknown

117
Q

B. malayi

A

Unknown

118
Q

Loa Loa

A

Unknown

119
Q

O. volvulus

A

Unknown

120
Q

D. medinensis

A

Unknown

121
Q

T. Solium

A

Autoinfection

122
Q

T. saginata

A

Unknown

123
Q

D. latum

A

Tapeworm competes for B12 in intestine

124
Q

E. granulosus

A

Space occupying lesion and anaphylaxis when antigens released

125
Q

E. multilocularis

A

Space occupying lesion and anaphylaxis when antigens released

126
Q

S. mansoni and japonicum

A

Unknown

127
Q

S. haematobium

A

Unknown

128
Q

Non-human schistosomes

A

Unknown

129
Q

C. sinensis

A

Unknown

130
Q

F. hepatica

A

Unknown

131
Q

F. buski

A

Unknown

132
Q

P. westermani

A

Unknown

133
Q

S. scabiei

A

Burrows in the stratum corneum in web spaces of hands and feet

134
Q

P. humanus and P. pubis

A

Unknown

135
Q

B19

A

Infects immature (cycling) erythroid proginator cells, resulting in cell lysis which is a problem in sickle cell anemia and can cause aplastic crisis

136
Q

HPV

A
  • Infects basal layer of skin and mucous membranes
  • Hyperkeratosis
  • E6 inhibits p53 and E7 inhibits Rb causing malignancy
137
Q

BK

A

Unknown

138
Q

JC

A

Unknown

139
Q

Adenovirus

A
  • Penton fibers act as hemagglutinin
  • Purified penton fibers are toxic to cells
  • Lytic in permissive cells and chronic or oncogenic in non-permissive cells (where virus is not produced but transformed)
140
Q

HBV

A

Virion associated DNA polymerase with a reverse transcriptase activity

141
Q

HSV-1 and HSV-2

A

Travels up the ganglion to establish lifelong latent infection

142
Q

VZV

A

Latent in dorsal root ganglia

143
Q

EBV

A
  • Binds CD21 and acts as B-cell mitogen

- Production of heterophile antibodies by infected B lymphocytes

144
Q

CMV

A
  • Infects salivary gland epithelial cells and establish a persistent infection in fibroblasts, epithelial cells and macrophages
  • Latency in mononuclear cells
145
Q

HHV-6

A

Replicates in peripheral blood mononuclear cells

146
Q

HHV-8

A

Has a gene that turns on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)

147
Q

Variola

A

Infects all dermal tissues and internal organs

148
Q

Molluscum contagiosum

A

Replicates in dermis

149
Q

Norwalk virus and Noro-like virus

A

Unknown

150
Q

Hepatitis E virus

A

Unknown

151
Q

Polio

A

Targets anterior horn motor neurons

152
Q

Coxsackie A

A

Unknown

153
Q

Coxsackie B

A

Unknown

154
Q

Enterovirus 71

A

Unknown

155
Q

Echoviruses

A

Unknown

156
Q

Rhinoviruses

A

Unknown

157
Q

HAV

A

Unknown

158
Q

St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLE)

A

Unknown

159
Q

West Nile encephalitis virus (WNV)

A

Unknown

160
Q

Dengue virus

A

Unknown

161
Q

Yellow fever virus (YFV)

A

Unknown

162
Q

HCV

A

Unknown

163
Q

Eastern, Western and Venazuelan equine encephalitis viruses (EEE, WEE, VEE)

A

Unknown

164
Q

Rubella virus

A

Unknown

165
Q

Coronavirus

A

Unknown

166
Q

SARS-CoV

A

Unknown

167
Q

Measles virus

A
  • Ability to cause cell:cell fusion forming giant cells

- Can escape immune detection

168
Q

Mumps virus

A

Lytic infection of epithelial cells of upper respiratory tract and parotid gland and spread throughout body

169
Q

Parainfluenza virus

A

Unknown

170
Q

RSV

A

Unknown

171
Q

Human metapneumovirus (MNV)

A

Unknown

172
Q

Rabies virus

A
  • Binding to peripheral nerves by binding to nicotinic Ach receptors or indirectly into the muscle
  • Travels by retrograde axoplasmic transport
173
Q

Ebola and Marburg viruses

A

Unknown

174
Q

Influenza A virus

A

Antigenic drift and shift

175
Q

Influenza B virus

A

Antigenic drift

176
Q

California and LaCrosse encephalitis viruses

A

Unknown

177
Q

Hantavirus

A

Unknown

178
Q

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)

A

Unknown

179
Q

Lassa fever virus

A

Unknown

180
Q

Reovirus

A

Unknown

181
Q

Rotavirus

A

Unknown

182
Q

Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV)

A

Unknown

183
Q

HIV

A
  • p24, p7 p9, p17 (Gag)
  • Reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease (Pol)
  • gp120 and gp41 (Env)
  • LTR(U3, U5) integration and viral gene expression
  • Transactivator (Tat) upregulate transcription
  • Regulatory protein that upregulates transport of unspliced and spliced transcripts to cell cytoplasm (Rev)
  • Regulatory protein that decreases CD4 and MHC I expression on host cells and manipulate T-cell activation pathways (Nef)
184
Q

HTLV-1

A
  • C-type particle

- CD4+ T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

185
Q

HTLV-2

A
  • C-type particle

- Hairy cell leukemia

186
Q

Hepatitis D virus

A

Unknown

187
Q

Zika virus

A

Unknown

Microbiology (8 decks)

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