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Organism(s)/Disease(s) Flashcards

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1
Q

S. aureus

A
  • Exotoxin mediated:
  • Staphylococcus scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)
  • Food poisoning
  • Toxic shock syndrome
  • Invasive
  • Skin/soft tissue infections (abscesses, mastitis, impetigo, and surgical infections)
  • Endocarditis
  • Pneumonia/empyema
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Septic arthritis
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2
Q

S. epidermidis

A

Prosthetic devices and indwelling catheters infections

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3
Q

S. saprophyticus

A

Community acquired UTI in sexually active women (honeymoon cystis) (2nd most common)

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4
Q

S. pneumoniae

A
  • Pneumonia (most common)
  • Adult meningitis (most common)
  • Otitis media and sinusitis in children (most common)
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5
Q

S. mutans, S. mitis, and S. sanguis

A
  • Dental caries (mutans)

- Subacute infective endocarditis (sanguis)

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6
Q

S. pyogenes

A
  • Pyogenic:
  • Pharyngitis
  • Cellulitis
  • Impetigo
  • Erysipelas
  • Toxigenic:
  • Scarlet fever
  • Toxic shock-like syndrome
  • Necrotizing fasciitis
  • Immunologic:
  • Rheumatic fever
  • Glomerulonephritis
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7
Q

S. agalactiae

A

Neonatal septicemia and meningitis (most common)

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8
Q

S. bovis

A

GI tract malignancies (bovis)

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9
Q

Enterococci (E. faecalis and E. faecium)

A
  • Urinary and biliary tract infection

- Subacute infective endocarditis (in damaged heart valves)

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10
Q

B. anthracis

A
  • Cutaneous anthrax
  • Pulmonary anthrax
  • GI anthrax
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11
Q

B. cereus

A

Gastroenteritis

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12
Q

C. tetani

A

Tetanus

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13
Q

C. botulinum

A

Botulism

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14
Q

C. perfringens

A
  • Gas gangrene (myonecrosis)

- Food poisoning

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15
Q

C. difficile

A
  • Antibiotic associated diarrhea

- Pseudomembranous colitis

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16
Q

C. diphtheriae

A

Diphtheria

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17
Q

L. monocytogenes

A
  • Listeriosis
  • Neonatal granulomatosis infantisepticum (early onset) or meningitis with septicemia (late onset)
  • Septicemia and meningitis in IC patients (most common on renal transplant and adults with cancer)
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18
Q

Nocardia

A
  • Pneumonia and brain abscess (N. asteroides)

- Cellulitis and mycetoma (N. brasiliensis)

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19
Q

Actinomyces

A

Mycetomas and solitary brain abscess

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20
Q

M. tuberculosis

A
  • Primary tuberculosis
  • Secondary tuberculosis
  • Miliary tuberculosis
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21
Q

M. leprae

A
  • Lepromatous leprosy

- Tuberculoid leprosy

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22
Q

M. avium intracellulare

A
  • Pneumonia in AIDS

- Gastroenteritis

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23
Q

M. kansasii

A
  • Pneumonia

- Gastroenteritis

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24
Q

M. scrofulaceum

A

Lymphadenitis

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25
Q

M. marinum

A

Fish tank granuloma (cutaneous)

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26
Q

M. catarrhalis

A
  • Otitis media and sinusitis

- Bronchitis and bronchopneumonia in elderly with COPD

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27
Q

P. mirabilis

A
  • UTI

- Septicemia

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28
Q

P. vulgaris

A
  • UTI

- Septicemia

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29
Q

N. gonorrhoeae

A
  • Gonorrhea (urethritis and proctitis in males) (endocervicitis, PID, arthritis and proctitis in females)
  • Ophthalmia (neonatal conjuctivitis) (blindness if untreated)
  • Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
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30
Q

N. meningitidis

A
  • Meningococcemia (petechial hemorrhages and gangrene of toes)
  • Meningitis
  • Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
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31
Q

H. influenzae

A
  • Epiglottitis
  • Meningitis
  • Otitis media
  • Pneumonia
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32
Q

H. ducreyi

A

Chancroid

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33
Q

B. pertussis

A

Whooping cough (pertussis)

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34
Q

L. pneumophila

A
  • Pneumonia (legionnaires disease)

- Pontiac fever

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35
Q

P. aeruginosa

A
  • Pneumonia (Cystic fibrosis, prior therapy with broad spectrum antibiotics or respiratory instrumentation)
  • UTI (therapy with broad spectrum antibiotics or respiratory instrumentation)
  • Osteomyelitis (D.M., children after puncture trauma)
  • Malignant otitis externa (D.M.)
  • Wound infections (burn patients)
  • Hot tub folliculitis
  • Sepsis (Neutropenia, D.M., extensive burns, leukemia)
  • Endocarditis (IV drug abusers)
  • Corneal ulcers (contact lens wearers)
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36
Q

E. coli

A
  • UTI (most common)
  • Neonatal septicemia/meningitis (2nd most common)
  • Septicemia (indwelling IV lines, cytotoxic drugs)
  • Gastroenteritis
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37
Q

K. pneumoniae

A
  • Aspiration pneumonia (alcoholics and D.M.)
  • Abscesses in liver and lungs (alcoholics and D.M.)
  • Nosocomial UTIs
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38
Q

C. jejuni

A
  • Gastroenteritis

- Guillain-Barre syndrome

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39
Q

S. typhi

A
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Cholecystitis
  • Pneumonia
  • Thrombophlebitis
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40
Q

S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium

A
  • Gastroenteritis/Enterocolitis
  • Septicemia with endocarditis or arthritis
  • Osteomyelitis (sickle cell anemia)
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41
Q

S. paratyphi

A
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Cholecystitis
  • Pneumonia
  • Thrombophlebitis
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42
Q

Shigella

A

Bacillary dysentery

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43
Q

V. cholerae

A

Cholera

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44
Q

V. parahemolyticus

A

Gastroenteritis

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45
Q

V. vulnificus

A

Gastroenteritis and cellulitis

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46
Q

Y. enterocolitica

A
  • Enterocolitis (pseudoappendicitis)

- Blood transfusion-associated infections

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47
Q

Y. pestis

A
  • Bubonic plague

- Pneumonic plague

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48
Q

H. pylori

A
  • Chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcers

- Gastric carcinoma (several forms)

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49
Q

L. interrogans

A
  • Leptospirosis

- Weil disease

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50
Q

B. burgdorferi

A

Lyme disease

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51
Q

B. recurrentis

A

Relapsing fever

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52
Q

T. pallidum

A

Syphilis (primary, secondary, tertiary, and congenital)

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53
Q

B. henselae

A
  • Cat scratch fever

- Bacillary angiomatosis (AIDS)

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54
Q

P. multocida

A
  • Cellulitis with lymphadenitis

- Osteomyelitis

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55
Q

G. vaginalis

A

Bacterial vaginosis

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56
Q

E. corrodens

A

Cellulitis

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57
Q

C. canimorsus

A
  • Cellulitis

- Overwhelming sepsis (splenectomy)

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58
Q

HACEK group infections

A

Endocarditis in non-IV drug users

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59
Q

B. fragilis

A
  • Septicemia
  • Peritonitis
  • Abdominal abscess
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60
Q

F. tularensis

A

Tularemia

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61
Q

Brucella spp.

A

Brucellosis (undulant fever)

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62
Q

R. rickettsii

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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63
Q

R. akari

A

Rickettsial pox

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64
Q

R. prowazekii

A

Epidemic typhus

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65
Q

R. typhi

A

Endemic typhus

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66
Q

O. tsutsugamushi

A

Scrub typhus

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67
Q

C. burnetii

A

Q fever

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68
Q

E. chafeensis

A

Ehrlichiosis

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69
Q

E. phagocytophila

A

Ehrlichiosis

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70
Q

Anaplasma spp.

A

Anaplasmosis

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71
Q

C. trachomatis

A
  • STDs in U.S. (serotypes D-K)
  • Nongonococcal urethritis, cervicitis, PID and infertility
  • Inclusion conjunctivitis
  • Inclusion conjunctivitis and/or pneumonia in neonates/infants
  • Lymphogranuloma venereum (L1,2,3)
  • Trachoma (follicular conjunctivitis) (serotypes A, B, Ba and C)
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72
Q

C. pneumoniae

A

Pneumonia (“walking”)

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73
Q

C. psittaci

A

Psittacosis (ornithosis) which is atypical pneumonia with hepatitis

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74
Q

M. pneumoniae

A

Pneumonia (“walking”)

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75
Q

U. urealyticum

A
  • Urethritis
  • Prostatitis
  • Renal calculi
76
Q

H. capsulatum

A
  • Pneumonia

- Disseminated infection (mucocutaneous lesions) in AIDS

77
Q

C. immitis

A
  • Pneumonia (Valley fever)
  • Desert bumps (erythema nodosum)
  • Systemic infection in AIDS and IC patients
  • Dissemination in third trimester of pregnancy
78
Q

B. dermatitidis

A
  • Pneumonia

- Disseminated disease

79
Q

A. fumigatus

A
  • Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (asthma, cystic fibrosis)
  • Fungus ball
  • Invasive aspergillosis which may cause pneumonia or meningitis or cellulitis (severe neutropenia, CGD, cystic fibrosis and burns)
80
Q

C. albicans

A
  • Perleche (cervices of mouth/malnutrition)
  • Oral thrush (prematurity, antibiotic use, IC host, AIDS)
  • Esophagitis (antibiotic use, IC host, AIDS)
  • Gastritis (antibiotic use, IC host, AIDS)
  • Septicemia (IC host, cancer and IV patients)
  • Endocarditis (IV drug abusers)
  • Cutaneous infections (obesity, infants, patients with rubber gloves)
  • Yeast vaginitis (D.M.)
  • Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (endocrine defects)
81
Q

C. neoformans

A
  • Pneumonia (pigeon breeders)

- Meningitis (Hodgkin lymphoma, AIDS)

82
Q

Mucor, Rhizopus and Absidia

A

Rhinocerebral infection (ketoacidotic diabetic and leukemic patients)

83
Q

P. jirovecii

A

Interstitial pneumonia

84
Q

M. furfur

A

Pityriasis or tinea versicolor

85
Q

Dermatophytes

A

Tineas:

  • Skin, hair and nails (Trichophyton)
  • Hair and skin (Microsporum)
  • Nails and skin (Epidermophyton)
86
Q

S. schenckii

A
  • Sporotrichosis (rose gardener disease)

- Pulmonary sporotrichosis (alcoholic rose-garden-sleeper disease)

87
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis

A
  • Pneumonia

- Disseminated disease

88
Q

G. lamblia

A

Giardiasis

89
Q

E. histolytica

A

Dysentery

90
Q

Cryptosporidium spp. (C. parvum)

A
  • Diarrhea

- Severe diarrhea in AIDS

91
Q

I. belli

A

Transient diarrhea in AIDS (resembles giardiasis)

92
Q

C. cayetanesis

A
  • Diarrhea

- Severe diarrhea in AIDS

93
Q

Microsporidia spp.

A
  • Persistent debilitating diarrhea in AIDS

- Hepatitis and disseminated disease

94
Q

T. vaginalis

A

Trichomoniasis

95
Q

T. gondii

A
  • Congenital toxoplasmosis

- Brain abscess in AIDS

96
Q

N. fowleri

A

Rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis

97
Q

T. brucei

A

African sleeping sickness

98
Q

Acanthamoeba

A
  • Keratitis

- Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE)

99
Q

P. vivax

A

Malaria (tertian fever [48 hr cycle])

100
Q

P. ovale

A

Malaria (tertian fever [48 hr cycle])

101
Q

P. malarie

A

Malaria (quartan fever [72 hr cycle])

102
Q

P. falciparum

A

Malaria

103
Q

T. cruzi

A

Chagas disease

104
Q

L. donovanii

A

Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)

105
Q

L. braziliensis

A

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

106
Q

Leishmania spp.

A

Cutaneous leishmaniasis

107
Q

B. microti

A

Babesiosis

108
Q

E. vermicularis

A

Anal pruritis

109
Q

A. lumbricoides

A

Ascariasis with possible obstruction

110
Q

T. canis or cati

A

Visceral larva migrans

111
Q

T. trichiura

A
  • Appendicitis

- Rectal prolapse

112
Q

S. stercoralis

A

Strongyloidiasis

113
Q

T. spiralis

A

Trichinosis

114
Q

A. braziliense and caninum

A

Cutaneous larva migrans

115
Q

N. americanus

A
  • Pneumonitis

- Anemia

116
Q

W. bancrofti

A

Elephantiasis

117
Q

B. malayi

A

Elephantiasis

118
Q

Loa Loa

A

Eye itching and calabar swellings

119
Q

O. volvulus

A
  • River blindness

- Itchy “leopard” rash

120
Q

D. medinensis

A

Creepy eruptions, ulceration and rash

121
Q

T. Solium

A
  • Cysticercosis

- Intestinal tapeworm

122
Q

T. saginata

A

Intestinal tapeworm

123
Q

D. latum

A
  • Sparganosis
  • Intestinal tapeworm
  • Megalobalstic anemia
124
Q

E. granulosus

A

Hydatid cyst disease

125
Q

E. multilocularis

A

Alveolar hydatid cyst disease

126
Q

S. mansoni and japonicum

A

Granulomas of liver and spleen

127
Q

S. haematobium

A
  • Squamous cell carcinoma of urinary bladder

- Pulmonary hypertension

128
Q

Non-human schistosomes

A

Dermatitis

129
Q

C. sinensis

A
  • Serum-like sickness
  • Pigmented gallstones
  • Cholangiocarcinoma
130
Q

F. hepatica

A

Subclinical (fever, nightsweats, malaise)

131
Q

F. buski

A

Subclinical (diarrhea and abdominal pain)

132
Q

P. westermani

A

Mimics pulmonary TB

133
Q

S. scabiei

A

Scabies

134
Q

P. humanus and P. pubis

A

Intense pruritis with pink macules and papules commonly in intertriginous regions

135
Q

B19

A
  • Children/adults
  • Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum or slapped cheek fever)
  • Rash and arthralgias (adults)
  • Fetus
  • Severe anemia
  • CHF
  • Hydrops fetalis
  • Spontaneous abortion
136
Q

HPV

A
  • Cutaneous warts
  • Common warts (2 and 4)
  • Plantar warts (1)
  • Anogenital warts (condylomata acuminata)
  • Laryngeal papillomas in infants and sexually active adults
  • 90% are serotypes 6 and 11 (benign)
  • CIN (16, 18, 31, 33, 35)
137
Q

BK

A

Renal disease in AIDS

138
Q

JC

A

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in AIDS and transplant patients

139
Q

Adenovirus

A
  • Acute respiratory disease (ARD) and pneumonia (4, 7, 21)
  • Pharyngoconjunctivitis
  • Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
  • Acute hemorrhagic cystitis
  • Gastroenteritis (40, 41)
140
Q

HBV

A
  • Chronic hepatitis

- Hepatocellular carcinoma

141
Q

HSV-1 and HSV-2

A
  • Gingivostomatitis and cold sores (latent in trigeminal ganglion)
  • Keratoconjunctivitis
  • Meningoencephalitis (HSV-1 high fatality)
  • Genital infections (latent in sacral nerve ganglion)
  • Neonatal herpes
142
Q

VZV

A
  • Chickenpox

- Shingles

143
Q

EBV

A
  • Infectious mononucleosis heterophile +ve (latent in B cells)
  • Lymphoproliferative disease
  • Hairy oral leukoplakia in AIDS
144
Q

CMV

A
  • Infectious mononucleosis heterophile -ve
  • Cytomegalic inclusion disease (most common in utero infection in U.S.)
  • Interstitial pneumonitis (AIDS and transplant patients)
  • CMV retinitis (AIDS)
145
Q

HHV-6

A

Roseola (exanthema subitum)

146
Q

HHV-8

A

Kaposi sarcoma

147
Q

Variola

A

Smallpox

148
Q

Molluscum contagiosum

A

Umbilicated warts

149
Q

Norwalk virus and Noro-like virus

A

Acute gastroenteritis

150
Q

Hepatitis E virus

A

Severe hepatitis in pregnancy

151
Q

Polio

A
  • Asymptomatic to FUO
  • Aseptic meningitis
  • Paralytic polio
  • Post-polio syndrome
152
Q

Coxsackie A

A
  • Hand, foot, and mouth disease (A16)
  • Herpangina
  • Aseptic meningitis
  • Acute lymphoglandular pharyngitis
  • Common cold
153
Q

Coxsackie B

A
  • Bornholm disease (devil’s grip)
  • Aseptic meningitis
  • Severe systemic disease of newborns
  • Myocarditis
154
Q

Enterovirus 71

A
  • Diarrhea
  • Hand, foot, and mouth disease
  • Severe central nervous system diseases with sudden death
  • Monoplegia
155
Q

Echoviruses

A
  • Fever and rash of unknown origin

- Aseptic meningitis

156
Q

Rhinoviruses

A

Common cold

157
Q

HAV

A

Acute hepatitis

158
Q

St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLE)

A

Encephalitis

159
Q

West Nile encephalitis virus (WNV)

A

Encephalitis

160
Q

Dengue virus

A
  • Break bone fever

- Dengue hemorrhagic shock (reinfection)

161
Q

Yellow fever virus (YFV)

A

Yellow fever

162
Q

HCV

A
  • Chronic hepatitis

- Hepatocellular carcinoma

163
Q

Eastern, Western and Venazuelan equine encephalitis viruses (EEE, WEE, VEE)

A

Encephalitis

164
Q

Rubella virus

A
  • German measles

- Congenital rubella syndrome

165
Q

Coronavirus

A

Common cold

166
Q

SARS-CoV

A

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

167
Q

Measles virus

A
  • Measles

- Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

168
Q

Mumps virus

A
  • Mumps
  • Pancreatitis
  • Orchitis
  • Meningoencephalitis
169
Q

Parainfluenza virus

A
  • Croup
  • Bronchiolitis
  • Pneumonia
170
Q

RSV

A
  • Common cold (adults)

- Pneumonia (children)

171
Q

Human metapneumovirus (MNV)

A
  • Common cold
  • Bronchiolitis
  • Pneumonia
172
Q

Rabies virus

A

Rabies

173
Q

Ebola and Marburg viruses

A

Fatal hemorrhagic fever

174
Q

Influenza A virus

A
  • Influenza
  • Bronchiolitis
  • Croup
  • Otitis media
  • Pneumonia
  • Reye syndrome or Guillain-Barre syndrome
175
Q

Influenza B virus

A
  • Influenza
  • Bronchiolitis
  • Croup
  • Otitis media
  • Pneumonia
  • Reye syndrome or Guillain-Barre syndrome
176
Q

California and LaCrosse encephalitis viruses

A

Encephalitis

177
Q

Hantavirus

A

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

178
Q

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)

A

Influenza-like with meningeal signs

179
Q

Lassa fever virus

A

Hemorrhagic fever with 50% fatality

180
Q

Reovirus

A
  • Common cold

- Gastroenteritis

181
Q

Rotavirus

A

Gastroenteritis

182
Q

Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV)

A

Flu-like illness with biphasic fever and conjunctivitis

183
Q

HIV

A

AIDS

184
Q

HTLV-1

A

CD4+ T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

185
Q

HTLV-2

A

Hairy cell leukemia

186
Q

Hepatitis D virus

A

Hepatitis

187
Q

Zika virus

A
  • Zika fever
  • Microcephaly
  • Guillain-Barre syndrome

Microbiology (8 decks)

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