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Microbiology - Unit 2 - Zach H. > Organism List for Exam 2 > Flashcards

Organism List for Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Mycobacteria

A

> Stain - acid-fast

> VF:

  • mycolic acid (escape phagocytosis)
  • multi-drug resistance

> Transmission:

  • droplet
  • direct contact

> Diseases:

  • M. boris/M. tuberculosis cause TB.
  • M. leprae - causes leprosy.
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2
Q

Lactobacillus

A

> Gram stain - positive

> ## VF:

> ## Transmission:

> Diseases:
- found in normal microbiota of mouth and vagina, can cause dental caries.

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3
Q

Streptococcus

A

> Gram stain - positive

> VF:

  • EC enzymes
  • streptolysin
  • M protein
  • capsule

> Transmission:

> Diseases:

  • S. pyogenes causes strep throat/scarlet fever/nephritis.
  • S. agalactiae causes neonatal sepsis.
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4
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A 
> Gram stain - positive 
> VF:
- reproduce in phagocytes 
- flagella 
- grows in refrigerator
- use host actin to propel cell to cell

> Transmission:
- food-borne

> Diseases:
- listeriosis

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5
Q

Corynebacterium

A

> Gram stain - positive
VF:
- AB toxin (inhibits host protein synthesis)

> Transmission:
- airborne

> Diseases:
- C. diptheiae causes diptheria (pseudomembrane)

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6
Q

Bacillus

A 
> Gram stain - positive 
> VF:
- exotoxin 
- capsule 
- inhibits phagocytosis

> Transmission:

> Diseases:

  • B. cereus causes food poisoning.
  • B. anthracis causes anthrax poisoning (contraction via GI>Cutaneous>Pulonary)
  • lactobacillus normally in mouth and dairy product.
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7
Q

Staphylococcus

A 
> Gram stain - positive 
> VF:
- coagulase
- exotoxin 
- enterotoxin 
- capsule
- biofilm
- drug resistance

> Transmission:

> Diseases:

  • flora
  • enterotoxin causes TSS
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8
Q

Clostridium

A

> Gram stain - positive
VF:
- spore forming
- neurotoxin (botulism)

> Transmission:

> Diseases:

  • C. tetani causes tetanus (rigid paralysis)
  • C. botulinum causes botulism (flaccid paralysis)
  • C. perfringens causes gas gangrene,
  • C. difficile causes diarrhea
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9
Q

Enterobacter

A

> Gram stain - negative
VF:
-

> ## Transmission:

> Diseases:
- E. aerogenes causes UTI’s and nosocomial infections

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10
Q

Campylobacter

A 
> Gram stain - negative 
> VF:
- water
- food
- animal reservoirs
- distending cytotoxin

> Transmission:

> Diseases:
- C. jejuni causes gastroenteritis and Guillain Barre syndrome.

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11
Q

Helicobacter

A

> Gram stain - negative
VF:
- fimbriae
- produce urease to hydrolyze ammonia

> Transmission:
- person to person

> Diseases:
- peptic ulcers

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12
Q

Shigella

A 
> Gram stain - negative 
> VF:
- Shiga exotoxin
- M cell invasion 
- rearrange host actin
- avoid immune system

> Transmission:
- humans are only reservoir

> Diseases:
- bacillary dysentery (bloody diarrhea)

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13
Q

Klebsiella

A 
> Gram stain - negative 
> VF:
- flagella 
- capsules 
- drug resistant 
- nitrogen fixation

> Transmission:

> Diseases:
- K. pneumoniae causes pneumonia

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14
Q

Yersinia

A

> Gram stain - negative
VF:
- endotoxin
- live in phagocyte

> Transmission:

  • flea is vector
  • droplet

> Diseases:
- Yersiia pestis causes plague (can be bubonic, pneumonic, or septicemic)

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15
Q

Escherichia coli

A 
> Gram stain - negative 
> VF:
- endotoxin
- fimbrae
- O antigen (LPS)
- K antigen (capsule)
- H antigen (flagella)
- Shiga toxin
- Heat labile
- Head stable
- Pore forming

> Transmission:

> Diseases:
- Travelers diarrhea (gastroenteritis)

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16
Q

Salmonella

A

> Gram stain - negative
VF:
- endotoxin
- cytotoxin

> Transmission:
- food

> Diseases:

  • Salmonellosis
  • Typhoid fever
17
Q

Pseudomonas

A 
> Gram stain - negative 
> VF:
- drug resistant (efflux pumps)
- flagella 
- opportunistic/nosocomial

> Transmission:

> Diseases:

  • swimmers ear
  • post burn infections
  • dermatitis
  • blue/green pus
18
Q

Legionella

A 
> Gram stain - negative 
> VF:
- Hsp60
- invasion 
- reproduce in alveolar macrophage 
- intracellular

> Transmission:

  • airborne
  • water

> Diseases:

  • legionnaires disease
  • pontiac fever
19
Q

Vibrio

A

> Gram stain - positive
VF:
- cholera toxin (exotoxin)
- adherence to intestinal mucosa

> Transmission:

> Diseases:
- cholera (rice water stools)

20
Q

Neisseria

A 
> Gram stain - negative 
> VF:
- catalase 
- capsule 
- fimbriae 
- Opa protein (prevents CD4 proliferation)
- S pili (decoys)

> Transmission:
- droplet

> Diseases:

  • N. gonorrheae causes gonorrhea
  • N. meningitis causes meningitis
21
Q

Brodetella

A 
> Gram stain - negative 
> VF:
- capsule 
- pertussis toxin (inhibits protein synthesis)
- tracheal cytotoxin (destroy epithelia)

> Transmission:
- droplet

> Diseases:
- pertussis/whooping cough (catarrhal, paroxysmal, convalescence stages)

22
Q

Leptospira

A

> Gram stain - negative
VF:
- spirochete

> Transmission:

  • dogs
  • rats
  • contaminate drinking water

> Diseases:

  • biphasic:
    • aches
    • fever
    • meningitis
    • kidney/liver failure
    • respiratory distress
23
Q

rickettsia

A

> Gram stain - negative
VF:
- escape phagosome
- obligate intracellular

> Transmission:
- blood sucking anthropods (ticks)

> Diseases:

  • rocky mountain spotted fever (rash on palm and sole)
  • typhus (muscle aches)
24
Q

Borrelia

A

> Gram stain - diderm (double membrane)
VF:
- axial filament

> Transmission:
- ticks get it from field mice

> Diseases:
- Lyme disease (3 stages: bullseye rash, arthritis, neurological symptoms)

25
Q

Treponema

A

> Gram stain - negative
VF:
- spirochete

> Transmission:

  • sexual interaction
  • in utero

> Diseases:
- Syphilis (3 stages: ulcers, rash on palm and sole, and gummas)

26
Q

Mycoplasma

A

> Gram stain -
VF:
- sterol instead of peptidoglycan
- adhere to respiratory tract

> Transmission:
- droplet

> Diseases:

  • M. pneumonia causes primary atypical pneumonia
  • ureoplasma causes UTI
27
Q

Chlamydia

A 
> Gram-stain - negative 
> VF:
- obligate intracellular
- no muramic acid or peptidoglycan 
- no carbohydrate metabolism

> Transmission:

> Diseases:
- chlamydia (EB attaches host, matures to RB, returns to EB and lyses host cell)

Microbiology - Unit 2 - Zach H. (7 decks)

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