Organism List for Exam 2

Question 1

Mycobacteria

Answer 1

> Stain - acid-fast

> VF:

• mycolic acid (escape phagocytosis)
• multi-drug resistance

> Transmission:

• droplet
• direct contact

> Diseases:

• M. boris/M. tuberculosis cause TB.
• M. leprae - causes leprosy.

Question 2

Lactobacillus

Answer 2

> Gram stain - positive

> ## VF:

> ## Transmission:

> Diseases:
- found in normal microbiota of mouth and vagina, can cause dental caries.

Question 3

Streptococcus

Answer 3

> Gram stain - positive

> VF:

• EC enzymes
• streptolysin
• M protein
• capsule

> Transmission:

> Diseases:

• S. pyogenes causes strep throat/scarlet fever/nephritis.
• S. agalactiae causes neonatal sepsis.

Question 4

Listeria monocytogenes

Answer 4

> Gram stain - positive 
> VF:
- reproduce in phagocytes 
- flagella 
- grows in refrigerator
- use host actin to propel cell to cell

> Transmission:
- food-borne

> Diseases:
- listeriosis

Question 5

Corynebacterium

Answer 5

> Gram stain - positive
VF:
- AB toxin (inhibits host protein synthesis)

> Transmission:
- airborne

> Diseases:
- C. diptheiae causes diptheria (pseudomembrane)

Question 6

Bacillus

Answer 6

> Gram stain - positive 
> VF:
- exotoxin 
- capsule 
- inhibits phagocytosis

> Transmission:

> Diseases:

• B. cereus causes food poisoning.
• B. anthracis causes anthrax poisoning (contraction via GI>Cutaneous>Pulonary)
• lactobacillus normally in mouth and dairy product.

Question 7

Staphylococcus

Answer 7

> Gram stain - positive 
> VF:
- coagulase
- exotoxin 
- enterotoxin 
- capsule
- biofilm
- drug resistance

> Transmission:

> Diseases:

• flora
• enterotoxin causes TSS

Question 8

Clostridium

Answer 8

> Gram stain - positive
VF:
- spore forming
- neurotoxin (botulism)

> Transmission:

> Diseases:

• C. tetani causes tetanus (rigid paralysis)
• C. botulinum causes botulism (flaccid paralysis)
• C. perfringens causes gas gangrene,
• C. difficile causes diarrhea

Question 9

Enterobacter

Answer 9

> Gram stain - negative
VF:
-

> ## Transmission:

> Diseases:
- E. aerogenes causes UTI’s and nosocomial infections

Question 10

Campylobacter

Answer 10

> Gram stain - negative 
> VF:
- water
- food
- animal reservoirs
- distending cytotoxin 

> Transmission:

> Diseases:
- C. jejuni causes gastroenteritis and Guillain Barre syndrome.

Question 11

Helicobacter

Answer 11

> Gram stain - negative
VF:
- fimbriae
- produce urease to hydrolyze ammonia

> Transmission:
- person to person

> Diseases:
- peptic ulcers

Question 12

Shigella

Answer 12

> Gram stain - negative 
> VF:
- Shiga exotoxin
- M cell invasion 
- rearrange host actin
- avoid immune system

> Transmission:
- humans are only reservoir

> Diseases:
- bacillary dysentery (bloody diarrhea)

Question 13

Klebsiella

Answer 13

> Gram stain - negative 
> VF:
- flagella 
- capsules 
- drug resistant 
- nitrogen fixation 

> Transmission:

> Diseases:
- K. pneumoniae causes pneumonia

Question 14

Yersinia

Answer 14

> Gram stain - negative
VF:
- endotoxin
- live in phagocyte

> Transmission:

• flea is vector
• droplet

> Diseases:
- Yersiia pestis causes plague (can be bubonic, pneumonic, or septicemic)

Question 15

Escherichia coli

Answer 15

> Gram stain - negative 
> VF:
- endotoxin
- fimbrae
- O antigen (LPS)
- K antigen (capsule)
- H antigen (flagella)
- Shiga toxin
- Heat labile
- Head stable
- Pore forming

> Transmission:

> Diseases:
- Travelers diarrhea (gastroenteritis)

Question 16

Salmonella

Answer 16

> Gram stain - negative
VF:
- endotoxin
- cytotoxin

> Transmission:
- food

> Diseases:

• Salmonellosis
• Typhoid fever

Question 17

Pseudomonas

Answer 17

> Gram stain - negative 
> VF:
- drug resistant (efflux pumps)
- flagella 
- opportunistic/nosocomial

> Transmission:

> Diseases:

• swimmers ear
• post burn infections
• dermatitis
• blue/green pus

Question 18

Legionella

Answer 18

> Gram stain - negative 
> VF:
- Hsp60
- invasion 
- reproduce in alveolar macrophage 
- intracellular 

> Transmission:

• airborne
• water

> Diseases:

• legionnaires disease
• pontiac fever

Question 19

Vibrio

Answer 19

> Gram stain - positive
VF:
- cholera toxin (exotoxin)
- adherence to intestinal mucosa

> Transmission:

> Diseases:
- cholera (rice water stools)

Question 20

Neisseria

Answer 20

> Gram stain - negative 
> VF:
- catalase 
- capsule 
- fimbriae 
- Opa protein (prevents CD4 proliferation)
- S pili (decoys)

> Transmission:
- droplet

> Diseases:

• N. gonorrheae causes gonorrhea
• N. meningitis causes meningitis

Question 21

Brodetella

Answer 21

> Gram stain - negative 
> VF:
- capsule 
- pertussis toxin (inhibits protein synthesis)
- tracheal cytotoxin (destroy epithelia)

> Transmission:
- droplet

> Diseases:
- pertussis/whooping cough (catarrhal, paroxysmal, convalescence stages)

Question 22

Leptospira

Answer 22

> Gram stain - negative
VF:
- spirochete

> Transmission:

• dogs
• rats
• contaminate drinking water

> Diseases:

• biphasic:
  
  • aches
  • fever
  • meningitis
  • kidney/liver failure
  • respiratory distress

Question 23

rickettsia

Answer 23

> Gram stain - negative
VF:
- escape phagosome
- obligate intracellular

> Transmission:
- blood sucking anthropods (ticks)

> Diseases:

• rocky mountain spotted fever (rash on palm and sole)
• typhus (muscle aches)

Question 24

Borrelia

Answer 24

> Gram stain - diderm (double membrane)
VF:
- axial filament

> Transmission:
- ticks get it from field mice

> Diseases:
- Lyme disease (3 stages: bullseye rash, arthritis, neurological symptoms)

Question 25

Treponema

Answer 25

> Gram stain - negative > VF: - spirochete > Transmission: - sexual interaction - in utero > Diseases: - Syphilis (3 stages: ulcers, rash on palm and sole, and gummas)

Question 26

Mycoplasma

Answer 26

> Gram stain - > VF: - sterol instead of peptidoglycan - adhere to respiratory tract > Transmission: - droplet > Diseases: - M. pneumonia causes primary atypical pneumonia - ureoplasma causes UTI

Question 27

Chlamydia

Answer 27

``` > Gram-stain - negative > VF: - obligate intracellular - no muramic acid or peptidoglycan - no carbohydrate metabolism ``` > Transmission: > Diseases: - chlamydia (EB attaches host, matures to RB, returns to EB and lyses host cell)