Organisation of the Neck and Posterior Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the vertebral columns/compartments surrounded by fascia in the neck?

A

3 Compartments

Visceral compartment, 2x Vascular compartments, vertebral compartment

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2
Q

Whats the contents of the visceral compartment of the neck?

A

Contains parts of respiratory system, digestive system & endocrine glands
(such as trachea, oesophagus etc)

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3
Q

whats the contents of the vascular compartment of the neck?

A

Contains blood vessels (Common carotid, Internal jugular) and Vagus Nerve (CN X)

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4
Q

whats the contents of the vertebral compartment of the neck?

A

Contains cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, muscles & cervical nerves

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5
Q

What is superficial fascia?

A

fatty connective tissue containing cutaneous nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, contains the platysma in the neck

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6
Q

what is the investing layer of fascia?

A

surrounds neck completely found deep below the superficial fascia

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7
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Bounded by inferior border of mandible, anterior border of SCM & midline of neck

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8
Q

what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Bounded by posterior border of SCM, middle 3rd of clavicle and anterior border of trapezius

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9
Q

what is the roof and floor of the posterior triangle?

A

Roof: Deep cervical fascia (investing layer), platysma, superficial fascia & skin

Floor: Prevertebral fascia surrounding the muscles at the floor of the triangle (anterior, middle posterior scalenes, Levator scapulae, Splenius capitis)

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10
Q

what are the full contents of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A
  • Spinal accessory nerve
  • Subclavian artery and vein
  • Brachial plexus-trunks
  • Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
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11
Q

What are the attachments, nerve supply and actions of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

Origin: manubrium & superior surface of medial 3rd clavicle
Inserts: lateral surface of mastoid process (temporal bone) & lateral half of superior nuchal line (occipital bone)

Innervation: Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

Actions: Draws head forwards (both contracting) & also turns head towards contracting side

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12
Q

What are the attachments, nerve supply and actions of the trapezius?

A

Origin: Superior nuchal line, occipital bone (protuberance), ligamentum nuchae, Spinous processes (C7-T12)
Inserts: Lateral 3rd clavicle, spine of scapula

Innervation: Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

Actions: rotation, elevation & depression of scapula

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13
Q

what is the cervical plexus?

A

the cervical plexus is a bundle of nerves of the anterior rami of C1, C2, C3, C4 (cervical vertebrae)

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14
Q

what are the muscular branches of the cervical plexus?

A

Phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5)
Ansa cervicalis (C1, C2, C3)

[branches to prevertebral & vertebral muscles]

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15
Q

what are the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus?

A

Lesser occipital nerves (C2)
Greater auricular & transverse cervical nerves (C2, C3)
Supraclavicular nerves (C3, C4)

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16
Q

what is the ansa cervicalis?

A

a neural loop formed by connecting the spinal nerves from C1-C2 to C3-C4

17
Q

describe the positioning of the external jugular vein and its drainage in the neck

A

EJV runs across SCM and drains into the subclavian vein