Organisation of knowledge Flashcards
The use of multiple approaches and techniques to address a problem:
converging operations
An idea about something that provides a means of understanding the world:
concept
A group of items into which different objects or concepts can be placed that belong together because they share some common features, or because they are all similar to a certain prototype:
category
Groupings that occur naturally in the world, like birds or trees:
natural categories
groupings that are designed or invented by humans to serve particular purposes or functions:
artifact categories
a level within a hierarchy that is preferred to other levels:
basic level
Grouping things together not by their defining features but rather by their similarity to an averaged model of the category:
Prototype theory
an abstract average of all the objects in the category we have encountered before:
prototype
something which describes the prototype but is not necessary for it:
characteristic features
categories that can be readily defined through defining features (bachelor)
classical concepts
categories that cannot be so easily defined (game, death)
fuzzy concepts
typical representatives of a category
exemplars
The classic view of categories disassembles a concept into a set of featural components. All those features are then necessary to define the category. Each feature is an essential element of the category; they are DEFINING FEATURES.
Feature-based categories
The defining features something must have to be considered an example of a category:
A Core
People understand and categorise concepts in terms of implicit theories, or general ideas they have regarding those concepts:
theory-based view of meaning
