Landscape of memory

Question 1

The form for what you know in your mind about things, ideas, events, and so on, in the outside world:

Answer 1

knowledge representation

Question 2

facts that can be stated, such as the date of your birth, the name of your friend, or the way a rabbit looks:

Answer 2

declarative knowledge

Question 3

Knowledge of procedures that can be implemented:

Answer 3

procedural knowledge

Question 4

The idea that knowledge is stored in the form of both words and images:

Answer 4

dual-code theory

Question 5

the relationship between the word and what it represents in simply arbitrary:

Answer 5

symbolic representation

Question 6

The mental representation of things that are not currently seen or sensed by the sense organs:

Answer 6

Imagery

Question 7

Using both pictorial and verbal codes for representing information:

Answer 7

dual-code theory

Question 8

Mental images that resemble the objects they are representing:

Answer 8

analog codes

Question 9

We do not store mental representations in the form of images or mere words:

Answer 9

propositional theory

Question 10

Secondary and derivative phenomena that occur as a result of other more basic cognitive processes:

Answer 10

epiphenomena

Question 11

the meaning underlying a particular relationship among concepts:

Answer 11

proposition

Question 12

Although visual imagery is not identical to visual perception, it is functionally equivalent to it:

Answer 12

functional-equivalent hypothesis

Question 13

rationally transforming an object’s visual mental image:

Answer 13

mental rotation

Question 14

Mental representations may take on what 3 forms?

Answer 14

propositions, images or mental models

Question 15

Knowledge structures that individuals construct to understand and explain their experiences:

Answer 15

mental models

Question 16

the use of images that represent visual characteristics such as colours and shapes:

Answer 16

visual imagery

Question 17

What are the two types of images?

Answer 17

Visual and spatial

Question 18

Images that represent spatial features such a depth dimensions, distances, and orientations:

Answer 18

spatial imagery

Question 19

the acquisition, organisation, and use of knowledge about objects and actions in two- and three-dimensional space:

Answer 19

spatial cognition

Question 20

Internal representations of our physical environment, particularly centering on spatial relationship:

Answer 20

cognitive maps

Question 21

What three types of knowledge are used when forming and using cognitive maps?

Answer 21

land mark knowledge, route-road knowledge and survey knowledge

Question 22

information about particular features at a location and which may be based on both imaginal and propositional representations:

Answer 22

landmark knowledge

Question 23

specific pathways for moving form one location to another. It may be based on both procedural knowledge and declarative knowledge:

Answer 23

route-road

Question 24

Estimated distances between landmarks, much as they might appear on survey maps. It may be represented imaginably or propositionally (e.g. in numerically specified distances)

Answer 24

Survey

Question 25

People tend to think of intersections as forming 90-degree angles more often that the intersections really do:

Answer 25

right-angle bias

Question 26

People tend to think of shapes (states or countries) as being more symmetrical than they really are:

Answer 26

symmetry heuristic

Question 27

When representing figures and boundaries that are slightly slanted (oblique) people tend to distort the images as being either more vertical or more horizontal than they really are:

Answer 27

rotation heuristic

Question 28

People tend to represent landmarks and boundaries that are slightly out of alignment by distorting their mental images to be better aligned than they really are (we distort the way we line up a series of figures or objects)

Answer 28

Alignment heuristic

Question 29

the relative positions of particular landmarks and boundaries is distorted in mental images in ways that more accurately reflect people’s conceptual knowledge about the contexts in which the landmarks and boundaries are located, rather than reflecting the actual spatial configurations:

Answer 29

relative-position heuristic