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2006PSY END OF SEMESTER > Memory Processes > Flashcards

Memory Processes Flashcards

1
Q

Transform a physical, sensory input into a kind of representation that can be placed into memory:

A

Encoding

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2
Q

Retain encoded information in memory:

A

Storage

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3
Q

Gan access to information stored in memory:

A

Retrieval

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4
Q

Competing information interferes with out storing information:

A

Interference

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5
Q

Forget facts just because time passes:

A

decay

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6
Q

Making connections by integrating the new data into out existing schemas of stored information. This process of integrating new information into stored information is called?

A

consolidation

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7
Q

Reflecting on our own memory processes with a view to improving our memory:

A

Metamemory

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8
Q

Metamemory strategies are just one component of?

A

metacognition

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9
Q

Our ability to think about and control our own processes of thought and ways of enhancing our thinking:

A

metacognition

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10
Q

Repeated recitation of an item:

A

rehearsal

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11
Q

What are two different types of rehearsal?

A

overt and covert

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12
Q

Meaningfully integrate information into what you all ready know or meaningfully connect to another. Done to move information into long-term memory:

A

Elaborative rehearsal

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13
Q

Repetitiously rehearse items to be repeated. Such rehearsal temporarily maintains information in short-term memory without transferring the information to long-term memory:

A

maintenance rehearsal

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14
Q

Learning in which various sessions are spaced over time:

A

distributed practice

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15
Q

learning in which sessions are crammed together in a very short space of time:

A

massed practice

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16
Q

To maximise the effect on long-term recall, the spacing should ideally be distributed over months:

A

spacing effect

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17
Q

Specific techniques to help you memorise lists of words:

A

mnemonic

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18
Q

Organize a list of items into a set of categories:

A

Categorical clustering

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19
Q

Create interactive images that link the isolated words in a list:

A

interactive images

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20
Q

Associate each new word with a word on a previously memorised list and form an interactive image between the two words:

A

Pegword system

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21
Q

Visualize walking around an area with distinctive landmarks that you know well, and then link the various landmarks to specific items to be remembered:

A

Method of Loci

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22
Q

Devise a word or expression in which each of its letters stands for a certain other word or concept (eg. USA, IQ and laser)

A

Acronym

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23
Q

For a sentence rather than a single word to help you remember the new words:

A

Acrostic

24
Q

Form an interactive image that links the sound and meaning of a foreign word with the sound and meaning of a familiar word:

A

keyword system

25
Q

Simultaneous processing:

A

parallel processing

26
Q

Serial processing:

A

sequential (exhaustive and self-terminating)

27
Q

Always check all options and don’t stop

A

exhaustive processing

28
Q

Terminate once you find a match

A

self-terminating

29
Q

The presence of information stored in long-term memory:

A

Availability

30
Q

The degree to which we can gain access to the available information:

A

accessibility

31
Q

Competing information causes us to forget something:

A

interference

32
Q

forget something because the passage of time:

A

decay

33
Q

newly acquired knowledge impedes the recall of older material:

A

retroactive interference

34
Q

Material that was learned in the past impedes the learning of new material:

A

Proactive interference

35
Q

Mental frameworks that represent knowledge in a meaningful way:

A

schemas

36
Q

_______ represents the probability of recall of a given word, given its serial position in a list?

A

Serial position curve

37
Q

What refers to the superior recall of words at and near the end of al its?

A

The recency effect

38
Q

What refers to superior recall of words at and near the beginning of a list?

A

Primacy effect

39
Q

Information is forgotten because of the gradual disappearance, rather than displacement, of the memory trace:

A

Decay theory

40
Q

In real life situations, memory trace is also ______, in that prior experience affects how we recall thing sand what we actually recall from memory.

A

constructive

41
Q

Memory of an individual’s history:

A

Autobiographical memory

42
Q

A memory of an event so powerful that the person remembers the event as vividly as if it were indelibly preserved on film:

A

flashbulb memory

43
Q

Flashbulb memories are created under what 3 circumstances?

A

The memory trace is important to the individual, is surprising, and has an emotional effect on the individual

44
Q

What parts of the brain are involved in autobiographic memories?

A

Medial temporal lobe

45
Q

What are the seven sins of memory?

A

Transience, absent-mindedness, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias and persistance

46
Q

Memory fades quickly:

A

Transience

47
Q

Enter a room looking for something only to discover that they have forgotten what they were seeking:

A

absent-mindedness

48
Q

People sometimes have something that they know they should remember, but they can’t (tip of the tongue):

A

Blocking

49
Q

People often cannot remember where they heard what they heard or read what they read. Eyewitness testimony is sometimes clouded by what we think we should have seen, rather than what we actually saw:

A

misattribution

50
Q

People are susceptible to suggestion:

A

suggestibility

51
Q

People who currently are experiencing chronic pain in their lives are more likely to remember pain the past, whether or not they actually experienced it:

A

bias

52
Q

People sometimes remember things as consequential that, in a broad context, are more in sequential. Someone with many successes but one notable failure may remember the single failture better than the many successes:

A

Persistence

53
Q

Memories that are alleged to have been pushed down into unconsciousness because of the distress they cause:

A

repressed memories

54
Q

What is recalled depends on what is encoded:

A

encoding specificity

55
Q

What factors facilitate the transfer of information into long-term storage?

A

rehearsal, organisation, mnemonics, external memory aids, distributed practise

56
Q

In what form is information usually encoded into short-term memory?

A

acoustic

57
Q

In what form is information primarily encoded into long-term memory?

A

semantic form

2006PSY END OF SEMESTER (6 decks)

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