Memory Processes

Question 1

Transform a physical, sensory input into a kind of representation that can be placed into memory:

Answer 1

Encoding

Question 2

Retain encoded information in memory:

Answer 2

Storage

Question 3

Gan access to information stored in memory:

Answer 3

Retrieval

Question 4

Competing information interferes with out storing information:

Answer 4

Interference

Question 5

Forget facts just because time passes:

Answer 5

decay

Question 6

Making connections by integrating the new data into out existing schemas of stored information. This process of integrating new information into stored information is called?

Answer 6

consolidation

Question 7

Reflecting on our own memory processes with a view to improving our memory:

Answer 7

Metamemory

Question 8

Metamemory strategies are just one component of?

Answer 8

metacognition

Question 9

Our ability to think about and control our own processes of thought and ways of enhancing our thinking:

Answer 9

metacognition

Question 10

Repeated recitation of an item:

Answer 10

rehearsal

Question 11

What are two different types of rehearsal?

Answer 11

overt and covert

Question 12

Meaningfully integrate information into what you all ready know or meaningfully connect to another. Done to move information into long-term memory:

Answer 12

Elaborative rehearsal

Question 13

Repetitiously rehearse items to be repeated. Such rehearsal temporarily maintains information in short-term memory without transferring the information to long-term memory:

Answer 13

maintenance rehearsal

Question 14

Learning in which various sessions are spaced over time:

Answer 14

distributed practice

Question 15

learning in which sessions are crammed together in a very short space of time:

Answer 15

massed practice

Question 16

To maximise the effect on long-term recall, the spacing should ideally be distributed over months:

Answer 16

spacing effect

Question 17

Specific techniques to help you memorise lists of words:

Answer 17

mnemonic

Question 18

Organize a list of items into a set of categories:

Answer 18

Categorical clustering

Question 19

Create interactive images that link the isolated words in a list:

Answer 19

interactive images

Question 20

Associate each new word with a word on a previously memorised list and form an interactive image between the two words:

Answer 20

Pegword system

Question 21

Visualize walking around an area with distinctive landmarks that you know well, and then link the various landmarks to specific items to be remembered:

Answer 21

Method of Loci

Question 22

Devise a word or expression in which each of its letters stands for a certain other word or concept (eg. USA, IQ and laser)

Answer 22

Acronym

Question 23

For a sentence rather than a single word to help you remember the new words:

Answer 23

Acrostic

Question 24

Form an interactive image that links the sound and meaning of a foreign word with the sound and meaning of a familiar word:

Answer 24

keyword system

Question 25

Simultaneous processing:

Answer 25

parallel processing

Question 26

Serial processing:

Answer 26

sequential (exhaustive and self-terminating)

Question 27

Always check all options and don't stop

Answer 27

exhaustive processing

Question 28

Terminate once you find a match

Answer 28

self-terminating

Question 29

The presence of information stored in long-term memory:

Answer 29

Availability

Question 30

The degree to which we can gain access to the available information:

Answer 30

accessibility

Question 31

Competing information causes us to forget something:

Answer 31

interference

Question 32

forget something because the passage of time:

Answer 32

decay

Question 33

newly acquired knowledge impedes the recall of older material:

Answer 33

retroactive interference

Question 34

Material that was learned in the past impedes the learning of new material:

Answer 34

Proactive interference

Question 35

Mental frameworks that represent knowledge in a meaningful way:

Answer 35

schemas

Question 36

_______ represents the probability of recall of a given word, given its serial position in a list?

Answer 36

Serial position curve

Question 37

What refers to the superior recall of words at and near the end of al its?

Answer 37

The recency effect

Question 38

What refers to superior recall of words at and near the beginning of a list?

Answer 38

Primacy effect

Question 39

Information is forgotten because of the gradual disappearance, rather than displacement, of the memory trace:

Answer 39

Decay theory

Question 40

In real life situations, memory trace is also ______, in that prior experience affects how we recall thing sand what we actually recall from memory.

Answer 40

constructive

Question 41

Memory of an individual's history:

Answer 41

Autobiographical memory

Question 42

A memory of an event so powerful that the person remembers the event as vividly as if it were indelibly preserved on film:

Answer 42

flashbulb memory

Question 43

Flashbulb memories are created under what 3 circumstances?

Answer 43

The memory trace is important to the individual, is surprising, and has an emotional effect on the individual

Question 44

What parts of the brain are involved in autobiographic memories?

Answer 44

Medial temporal lobe

Question 45

What are the seven sins of memory?

Answer 45

Transience, absent-mindedness, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias and persistance

Question 46

Memory fades quickly:

Answer 46

Transience

Question 47

Enter a room looking for something only to discover that they have forgotten what they were seeking:

Answer 47

absent-mindedness

Question 48

People sometimes have something that they know they should remember, but they can't (tip of the tongue):

Answer 48

Blocking

Question 49

People often cannot remember where they heard what they heard or read what they read. Eyewitness testimony is sometimes clouded by what we think we should have seen, rather than what we actually saw:

Answer 49

misattribution

Question 50

People are susceptible to suggestion:

Answer 50

suggestibility

Question 51

People who currently are experiencing chronic pain in their lives are more likely to remember pain the past, whether or not they actually experienced it:

Answer 51

bias

Question 52

People sometimes remember things as consequential that, in a broad context, are more in sequential. Someone with many successes but one notable failure may remember the single failture better than the many successes:

Answer 52

Persistence

Question 53

Memories that are alleged to have been pushed down into unconsciousness because of the distress they cause:

Answer 53

repressed memories

Question 54

What is recalled depends on what is encoded:

Answer 54

encoding specificity

Question 55

What factors facilitate the transfer of information into long-term storage?

Answer 55

rehearsal, organisation, mnemonics, external memory aids, distributed practise

Question 56

In what form is information usually encoded into short-term memory?

Answer 56

acoustic

Question 57

In what form is information primarily encoded into long-term memory?

Answer 57

semantic form