Language Flashcards
an organised means of combining words in order to communicate with those around us:
language
exchange of thoughts and feelings:
communication
the psychology of our language as it interacts with the human mind:
psycholinguistics
What is language?
communicative, arbitrarily symbolic, regularly structured, structured at multiple levels, generative/productive, dynamic (CARDS G)
language permits us to communicate with one or more people who share our language:
communicative
Language creates an arbitrary relationship between a symbol and what it represents: an idea, a process, a relationship, or a description:
arbitrarily symbolic
Language has a structure, only particularly patterned arrangement of symbols have meaning, and different arrangements yield different meanings:
regularly structured
The structure of language can be analysed at more than on level (eg. sounds, meaning units, words and phrases)
structured at multiple levels
Within the limits of a linguistics structure, language users can produce novel utterances. The possibilities for creating new utterances are virtually limitless:
generative and productive
languages can constantly evolve:
dynamic
The thing or concept in the real world that a word refers to is called a?
referant
the smallest unit of speech sound that can be used to distinguish one utterance in a given language from another:
phoneme (a,i,s,f)
the smallest unit of meaning within a particular language:
morpheme
the words that convey the bulk of the meaning of a language:
content morphemes
add detail and nuance to the meaning of the content morphemes or help the content morphemes fit the grammatical context:
function morphemes
The way in which we put words together to form sentences:
syntax
The study of meaning in a language:
semantics
Pronouncing more than one sound at the same time:
coarticulation
One or more phonemes begin while other phonemes are still being produced:
coarticulation
Integrating what we know with what we hear when we perceive speech (the _eel was on the ____):
phonemic-restoration effect
Discontinuous categories of speech sounds:
categorical perception
the strict dictionary definition of a word:
denotation
A word’s emotional overtones, presuppositions, and other non explicit meanings:
connotation
The systematic way in which words can be combined and sequenced to make meaningful phrases and sentences:
syntax
the study of language in terms of noticing regular patterns. These patterns relate to the functions and relationships of words in a sentence:
grammar
Analyses the structure of phrases as they are used:
phrase-structure grammar
Transformational rules that guide the way in which an underlain proposition can be arranged into a sentence:
transformational grammar
An underlying syntactical structure that links various phrase structures through various transformation rules.
deep structure
Any of the various phrase structures that my result from deep structure transformations:
surface structure
Ways in which items can be used in the context of communication:
Thematic roles
Difficulty in deciphering, reading, and comprehending text:
dyslexia
The identification of a word that allows us to gain access to the meaning of the word from memory:
lexical access
What is used to identify letters and words?
lexical processes
What activates relevant information in memory about certain words?
lexical processes
Used to make sense of the text as a while
comprehension processes
letters are read more easily when they are embedded in words than when they are presented either run isolation or with letters that do not form words:
word-superiority effect
The speed with which we can retrieve information about words (e.g., letter names) stored in our long-term memories:
lexical-acces speed
Involves units of language larger than individual sentences - in conversations, lectures, stories, essays and even textbooks:
discourse
the process by which we translate sensory information (the written words we see) into a meaningful representation:
semantic encoding
