Organisation in Animals

Question 1

What are the five levels of organisation in the body?

Answer 1

Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ systems → Organism

Question 2

What is the function of the digestive system?

Answer 2

To break down food and absorb nutrients into the blood.

Question 3

Where is bile made and what is its role?

Answer 3

Made in the liver, bile neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fat.

Question 4

What does the pancreas produce?

Answer 4

Enzymes: amylase, lipase, and protease.

Question 5

Where is food absorbed into the blood?

Answer 5

Small intestine.

Question 6

What does the large intestine do?

Answer 6

Absorbs water and minerals into the blood.

Question 7

Describe the pathway of air from mouth to alveoli.

Answer 7

Mouth → Trachea → Bronchi → Bronchioles → Alveoli

Question 8

What happens in the alveoli?

Answer 8

Oxygen diffuses into the blood through capillaries.

Question 9

What are the main components of blood?

Answer 9

Red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, platelets.

Question 10

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 10

Transport oxygen using haemoglobin.

Question 11

What is the function of plasma?

Answer 11

Carries glucose, CO2, urea, hormones, and heat.

Question 12

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 12

Help blood to clot at wounds.

Question 13

What is the function of the heart?

Answer 13

To pump blood around the body.

Question 14

What is the function of the coronary artery?

Answer 14

Supplies oxygen to the heart muscle.

Question 15

What is a double circulatory system?

Answer 15

Blood passes through the heart twice per full circuit of the body.

Question 16

What does an artery do?

Answer 16

Carries blood away from the heart under high pressure.

Question 17

What does a vein do?

Answer 17

Carries blood to the heart under low pressure.

Question 18

What does a capillary do?

Answer 18

Connects arteries and veins, allows substance exchange.

Question 19

What is the function of the mouth in digestion?

Answer 19

Chews food and mixes it with saliva.

Question 20

What does the oesophagus do?

Answer 20

Moves food from the mouth to the stomach.

Question 21

What is the function of the stomach?

Answer 21

Mixes food with acid and enzymes to break it down.

Question 22

What is the function of the rectum?

Answer 22

Stores faeces before they leave the body.

Question 23

What is the role of the anus?

Answer 23

Where faeces are removed from the body.

Question 24

What do the salivary glands produce?

Answer 24

They produce amylase enzyme in saliva.

Question 25

What is the function of the trachea?

Answer 25

Carries air to the lungs.

Question 26

What do the bronchi do?

Answer 26

Split air from trachea into each lung.

Question 27

What are bronchioles?

Answer 27

Small tubes that carry air to alveoli.

Question 28

What happens in the alveoli?

Answer 28

Gas exchange—oxygen in, carbon dioxide out.

Question 29

Why do alveoli have a large surface area?

Answer 29

To increase gas exchange efficiency.

Question 30

What is diffusion?

Answer 30

Movement of particles from high to low concentration.

Question 31

What do heart valves do?

Answer 31

Prevent blood flowing the wrong way.

Question 32

What is the role of coronary arteries?

Answer 32

Supply the heart muscle with oxygen.

Question 33

What happens if coronary arteries are blocked?

Answer 33

Can cause a heart attack.

Question 34

What is the path of blood through the heart?

Answer 34

Body → right atrium → right ventricle → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → body.

Question 35

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

Answer 35

Artery.

Question 36

Which vessel carries blood to the heart?

Answer 36

Vein.

Question 37

What connects arteries and veins?

Answer 37

Capillaries.

Question 38

Which vessel has valves?

Answer 38

Veins.

Question 39

Which vessel has thick, muscular walls?

Answer 39

Arteries.

Question 40

Which blood vessels are one cell thick?

Answer 40

Capillaries.

Question 41

What is the structure of arteries?

Answer 41

Thick, muscular walls and a small lumen to handle high pressure.

Question 42

What is the structure of veins?

Answer 42

Thin walls, large lumen, and valves to prevent backflow.

Question 43

What is the structure of capillaries?

Answer 43

Very thin walls (one cell thick) for efficient diffusion.

Question 44

Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

Answer 44

Arteries (except pulmonary artery which carries deoxygenated blood).

Question 45

Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood to the heart?

Answer 45

Veins (except pulmonary vein which carries oxygenated blood).