Organisation:digestion Flashcards
What are the levels in the orangisation principle?
Cells- is a functional and structural unit of a living organism
Tissue- A group of similar cells working together to perform a common function such as a group of heart muscle cells work together to make a heart muscle tissue.
Organ- a group of tissues that work together , which are different to create a particular function such as heart muscle cell to tissue and from tissue to a heart
Organ system-a group of organs working together with related functions to make a particular function. And to perform a particular body function.
What are the digestion basics
The digestive system is an example of an organ system in which several organs work together to digest and absorb food
Digestion is a process in which relatively large, insoluble molecules in food (such as starch, proteins) are broken down into smaller, soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and delivered to cells in the body
These small soluble molecules (such as glucose and amino acids) are used either to provide cells with energy (via respiration), or with materials with which they can build other molecules to grow, repair and function.
Explain, using an example, why the digestive system is considered an ‘organ system’.
1) The digestive system is considered an organ system because it consists of a group of organs that work together to perform the common function.
2) By digesting and absorbing our food.
3) For example the pancreas releases digestive enzymes which help break down the food molecules, while the small intestine absorbs the nutrients.
in plants what are shoots an roots part of ?
organ system
in plants what are leaves part of ?
organs
Which of the following organs are part of the cardiovascular system?
heart and blood vessels
in order for a organism to live properly what happens
a lot of chemical reactions happen , however they are very slow so you:
increase the temperature- uses a lot of energy , high temp. could damage our cells , and also speeding up non- useful reactions as well
better way to speed up reactions - catalyst:- a substance that increases the speed of the reaction , also without being used up in the process, showing that it could be used over an over again to catalyse multiple reactions.
what is a type of catalyst
An enzyme is a special type of catalyst that is made by a living organism. We sometimes call them biological catalysts.
Enzymes are large proteins, so made from a long chain of amino acids.
they can fold up to make different shapes , an each shape would be called a “unique enzyme”, catalyses a particular chemical reaction.
how do enzymes work
we could say in terms of chemical reaction - a reactant ( substrate) broken into a product , or the other way (broken down reactant formed together to make a product) - in these cases the enzymes just speed the reaction up “ BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS”
the enzyme:-
has a specific region called an active site which is same as the substances, if the substrate doesn’t fit the active site , the reaction wont be catalysed. This allows enzymes to be really specific what chemical reaction they speed up.
what are the two models of enzyme action
lock and key model- showing that the substrate(key) had to fit PERFECTLY in to the active site(lock)
induce fit model - is where the active site is changes shape to PERFECTLY bind itself to the substrate, active site wants to complementary to the substrate
what is the human digestive system made up of?
The human digestive system is made up of the organs that form the alimentary canal and accessory organs:
The alimentary canal is the channel or passage through which food flows through the body, starting at the mouth and ending at the anus. Digestion occurs within the alimentary canal.
Accessory organs produce substances that are needed for digestion to occur (such as enzymes and bile) but food does not pass directly through these organs.
what are the examples of The alimentary canal and Accessory organs
the alimentary canal:
1) the mouth- the moth is mechanical digestion where the teeth are chewing the food and breaking it into smaller pieces
2) the throat (oesophagus)- to send the food down into
3) stomach- where we make protease enzymes and there is hydrochloric acids as well
4) small intestine- and all three types of digestive enzymes are absorbed
5) large intestine- where water is absorbed
accessory organs:
1) salivary glands- the salivary glands produce amylase in the saliva so it can produce the smaller sugar - maltose
2) liver- is important because it makes a chemical called bile ( which is used to neutralise stomach acids and emulsify fats(split into little bits))
3) pancreas-produces all three types of digestive enzymes
