cell structure Flashcards
what are 2 types of cells
1) eukaryotic cells (plant and animals)
2) prokaryotic cells(bacteria)
what are the differences between eukaryotic an prokaryotic cells?
1) Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells
2) Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles and a nucleus containing genetic material, while prokaryotes do not
other than storing DNA( genetic material) what is the function of the nucleus
controls cellular activities
how is genetic material (DNA) stored in a prokaryotic cell
found free within the cytoplasm:
1) Chromosomal DNA ( single large loop of circular DNA)
2) plasmid DNA ( circular loops of DNA that’s is found freely in the cytoplasm, and separate from the main DNA and carries genes that provide genetic advantages i.e.. antibiotic resistant)
similarities/diffrences between plant and animal cells
similarities:
1) nucleus
2) cytoplasm
3) cell membrane
4) mitochondria
5) ribosomes
differences:
1) cell wall ( only plants have cell wall)
2) vacuole( only plants have vacuole)
3) chloroplasts( only plants have chloroplasts)
description of the cytoplasm
fluid part of the cell, contains dissolved ions, nutrients and enzymes
definitions of all the cells in animal and plant cells
Animal cells and Plant cells subcellular structures:
1) Cytoplasm- A jelly-like material that contains dissolved nutrients and salts and structures called organelles. It is where many of the chemical reactions happen.
2) Nucleus- Contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cell’s activities.
3) Cell membrane- Its structure is permeable to some substances but not to others. It therefore controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
4) Mitochondria- Organelles that contain the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration.
5) Ribosomes- Tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs.
Plants cells subcellular structures:
1) Chloroplast- Organelles that contains the green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Contains the enzymes needed for photosynthesis.
2) Cell wall- Made from cellulose fibres and strengthens the cell and supports the plant.
3) Permanent vacuole- Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid( stand upright).
what are specialized cells?
cells that are differentiated into.
what are highly specialized cells?
these cells have specific shapes, sizes and sub cellular structures e.g. sperm cells(very small, contains lots of mitochondria) and egg cells(holds many nutrients need to start a new organism , so the size is BIG)
