Organisation (B2) Flashcards

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1
Q

what are enzymes also known as

A

biological catalysts

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2
Q

what is the name of the model related to enzymes

A

lock and key model

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3
Q

the activity of enzymes is affected by

A

changes in temperature

pH

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4
Q

organ system

A

where organs work totter to digest and absorb food

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5
Q

what do digestive enzymes do

A

speed up conversion of large insoluble molecules (food) into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream

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6
Q

large changes in temp or pH can stop the enzyme from

A

working

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7
Q

what is it called when an enzyme stops working

A

denature

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8
Q

what happens when an enzyme denatures

A

changes shape so the substrate no longer fits in the active site

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9
Q

where are carbohydrases (e.g. amylase) made

A

salivary glands
pancreas
small intestine

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10
Q

what do carbohydrases do

A

break down carbohydrates to simple sugars

e.g amylase breaks down starch into glucose

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11
Q

where are proteases made

A

stomach

pancreas

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12
Q

what do proteases do

A

break down protein to amino acids

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13
Q

where are lipase made

A

pancreas

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14
Q

what does lipase do

A

break down lipids (fats) into glycerol and fatty acids

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15
Q

where is bile made

A

liver

stored in gall bladder

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16
Q

what does bile do

A

emulsifies lipids to increase surface area to increase to rate of lipid breakdown by lipase.
changes pH to neutral for lipase to work

17
Q

the products of digestion are used to build new

A

Carbohydrates
lipids
proteins

18
Q

how to test for sugars (glucose)

A

benedicts’ test

19
Q

what is the result if present sugars in the bendicts test

A

orange to brick red precipitate

20
Q

how to test for starch

A

iodine test

21
Q

what is the result if starch is present in the iodine test

A

turns black

22
Q

how to test for biuret

A

biuret reagent

23
Q

what is the result if biuret is present in the biuret reagent

A

mauve or purple solution

24
Q

example of a cell

A

muscle cell

25
Q

example of a tissue

A

muscle tissue

26
Q

example of an organ

A

the heart

27
Q

example of an organ system

A

the circulatory system

28
Q

what are cells

A

the basic building blocks of all living organisms

29
Q

what are tissues

A

a group of cells with a similar structure and function

30
Q

what are organs

A

Aggregations of tissues working together preforming a specific function

31
Q

what are organ systems

A

organs working together to form organ systems, which work together to form and organism

32
Q

describe the Benedict’s test

A
  • place approximately 1ml of sample in clean test tube
  • add 2ml of Benedict’s reagent
  • heat solution in a boiling water bath for 3-5mins
  • look for colour change
33
Q

describe the iodine test

A

add iodine solution and look for a colour change

if starch is present then it will turn blue/black

34
Q

describe the biuret reagent

A
  • add you chosen solution to a test tube
  • if using more than one label each test tube
  • add 3 drops of biuret reagent to the solution and shake gently to mix
  • note any colour changes
  • if protein is present it will turn purple/pink