Organisation (B2) Flashcards
what are enzymes also known as
biological catalysts
what is the name of the model related to enzymes
lock and key model
the activity of enzymes is affected by
changes in temperature
pH
organ system
where organs work totter to digest and absorb food
what do digestive enzymes do
speed up conversion of large insoluble molecules (food) into small soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream
large changes in temp or pH can stop the enzyme from
working
what is it called when an enzyme stops working
denature
what happens when an enzyme denatures
changes shape so the substrate no longer fits in the active site
where are carbohydrases (e.g. amylase) made
salivary glands
pancreas
small intestine
what do carbohydrases do
break down carbohydrates to simple sugars
e.g amylase breaks down starch into glucose
where are proteases made
stomach
pancreas
what do proteases do
break down protein to amino acids
where are lipase made
pancreas
what does lipase do
break down lipids (fats) into glycerol and fatty acids
where is bile made
liver
stored in gall bladder
what does bile do
emulsifies lipids to increase surface area to increase to rate of lipid breakdown by lipase.
changes pH to neutral for lipase to work
the products of digestion are used to build new
Carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
how to test for sugars (glucose)
benedicts’ test
what is the result if present sugars in the bendicts test
orange to brick red precipitate
how to test for starch
iodine test
what is the result if starch is present in the iodine test
turns black
how to test for biuret
biuret reagent
what is the result if biuret is present in the biuret reagent
mauve or purple solution
example of a cell
muscle cell
example of a tissue
muscle tissue
example of an organ
the heart
example of an organ system
the circulatory system
what are cells
the basic building blocks of all living organisms
what are tissues
a group of cells with a similar structure and function
what are organs
Aggregations of tissues working together preforming a specific function
what are organ systems
organs working together to form organ systems, which work together to form and organism
describe the Benedict’s test
- place approximately 1ml of sample in clean test tube
- add 2ml of Benedict’s reagent
- heat solution in a boiling water bath for 3-5mins
- look for colour change
describe the iodine test
add iodine solution and look for a colour change
if starch is present then it will turn blue/black
describe the biuret reagent
- add you chosen solution to a test tube
- if using more than one label each test tube
- add 3 drops of biuret reagent to the solution and shake gently to mix
- note any colour changes
- if protein is present it will turn purple/pink
