B6 (b)

Question 1

what can selective breeding lead to

Answer 1

in breeding - where some breeds are particularly prone to disease to inherited defects e.g bulldogs having breathing difficulties

Question 2

choosing characteristics

Answer 2

dispersed characteristics chosen for usefulness and appearance

Question 3

some examples of chosen characteristic

Answer 3

disease resistant crops
animals that produce more milk and meat
domestic dogs with a gentle nature

Question 4

whats the concern of GMO

Answer 4

the effect of GMO on wild populations of flowers and insects

Question 5

what does GMO stand for

Answer 5

genetically modified crops

Question 6

what is step 1 of Genetic engineering process (HT ONLY)

Answer 6

enzymes are used to isolate the required genes

Question 7

what is step 2 of Genetic engineering process (HT ONLY)

Answer 7

Gene is inserted into a vector- bacterial plasmid or virus

Question 8

what is step 3 of Genetic engineering process (HT ONLY)

Answer 8

Vector inserts genes into required cells

Question 9

what is step 4 of Genetic engineering process (HT ONLY)

Answer 9

Genes are transferred to plants/ animals/microbes at an early stage of development so they develop the required characteristics

Question 10

what are evolutionary trees used for

Answer 10

a method used by scientists to show how organisms are related

Question 11

what happens in selective breeding

Answer 11

choosing parents with the desired characteristics from a mixed population

Question 12

step one of selective breeding

Answer 12

chosen parents are bred together

Question 13

step two of selective breeding

Answer 13

From the offspring those with the desired characteristics are bred together

Question 14

step three of selective breeding

Answer 14

Repeat over several generations until all the offspring show the desired characteristics

Question 15

step one of adult cell cloning

Answer 15

nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg

Question 16

step two of adult cell cloning

Answer 16

nucleus from body cell is inserted into egg cells

Question 17

step three of adult cell cloning

Answer 17

an electric shock stimulates the egg to divide into an embryo

Question 18

step four of adult cell cloning

Answer 18

embryo cells are genetically identical to adult cells

Question 19

step five of adult cell cloning

Answer 19

when embryo has developed into ball of cells it is inserted into host womb

Question 20

tissue culture

Answer 20

small groups of cells to grow new plants. Important for preservations of rare plants

Question 21

cuttings

Answer 21

part of a plant is cut off and grown into a full plant

Question 22

embryo transplants

Answer 22

spitting apart cells from animals embryo before they become specialised. New clone embryos are inserted into womb of adult female