Homeostasis and reponse

Question 1

cells and receptors

Answer 1

detect stimuli (changes in the environment)

Question 2

coordination centres

Answer 2

receive information from receptors e.g brain

Question 3

effectors

Answer 3

bring about responses to restore optimum levels e.g muscles

Question 4

receptor

Answer 4

detect stimuli

Question 5

sensory neurone

Answer 5

long axon carries impulses from receptor to spinal cord

Question 6

synapse

Answer 6

gap where neurones meet. Chemical message using neurotransmitter

Question 7

relay neurone

Answer 7

allows impulses to travel between sensory and motor neurones in the spinal cord

Question 8

motor neurone

Answer 8

long axon carries impulses impulse from receptor to effector

Question 9

effector

Answer 9

muscle or gland that carries out response

Question 10

what does CNS stand for

Answer 10

central nervous system

Question 11

brain and spinal cord are part if the

Answer 11

CNS

Question 12

what does the CNS do?

Answer 12

coordinates the response of effectors : muscles contracting or glands secreting hormones

Question 13

the order

Answer 13

stimulis
receptor
coordinatior
effector
response

Question 14

example of a reaction

Answer 14

light switch on
cells in retina
CNS
muscles connected to iris
pupils get smaller

Question 15

what does the CNS enable humans to do

Answer 15

react to their surroundings and to co-ordinate their behaviour

Question 16

Homeostasis

Answer 16

the regulation of internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions to function

Question 17

what are the 3 controls in the human body

Answer 17

blood glucose concentration
body temp
water levels

Question 18

Homeostasis maintains…

Answer 18

optimal conditions for enzyme conditions and all cell function

Question 19

What is the endocrine system

Answer 19

composed of glands which secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 20

how does the endocrine system work

Answer 20

the blood carries hormone to target organ where it produces an effect

Question 21

how does the endocrine system compare to the CNS

Answer 21

effects are slower but act for longer

Question 22

What is the pituitary gland

Answer 22

‘master gland’

it secrets several hormones into the blood

Question 23

how does the pituitary gland work

Answer 23

stimulates other glands to produce hormones to bring about effects

Question 24

what does the pancreas monitor and control levels of

Answer 24

blood glucose concentration

Question 25

what happens when blood glucose concentrations are too high

Answer 25

pancreas produces the hormone insulin
glucose moves from the blood into the cells
in liver and muscles cells excess glucose is converted to glycogen for storage

Question 26

what happens when blood glucose concentration is too low (HT only)

Answer 26

pancreas produces the hormone glucagon that causes glycogen to be converted into glucose and released into the blood

Question 27

type 1 diabetes

Answer 27

pancreas fails to produce sufficient insult leading to uncontrolled blood glucose levels normal treated by insulin injections

Question 28

type 2 diabetes

Answer 28

obesity is a risk factor
body cells no longer respond to insulin
common treatments involve changing diet by increasing excersie

Question 29

negative feedback (HT only) of Adrenaline

Answer 29

produced in adrenaline glands increases breathing/heart rate blood flows to muscles conversion glycogen ton glucose prepares body for fight or flight

Question 30

negative feedback (HT only) of Thyroxine

Answer 30

produced in the thyroid gland
stimulates the basal metabolic rate
important for growth and development