Organisation and administrative structures

Question 1

Tsars until 1905

• Government was ____ and ____
• Realistically, Tsar has ____ control over ____ part of the system to enforce rule
  
  • ____
  • ____ of ____
  • ____ of ____
  • ____ ____ of ____
  • ____ (a ____ carries out the ____ of the Tsar on behalf of ____)

Answer 1

Tsars until 1905

• Government was inefficient and cumbersome
• Realistically, Tsar has complete control over each part of the system to enforce rule
  
  • Tsar
  • Council of Ministers
  • Committee of Ministers
  • Imperial Council of State
  • Society (a Senate carries out the Ukaz of the Tsar on behalf of society)

Question 2

Tsars post-1905 Revolution and appeasement of October Manifesto

• Created to ____ but system doesn’t really ____
• Tsar has to ____ the Duma ____
• Tsarist system loses ____, but is still very ____
  
  • ____
  • ____ of ____ (now more ____ with ____ ____)
  • ____ ____ and ____ (can be ____ or ____ by the Tsar)
• ____ (Vote for the ____)

Answer 2

Tsars post-1905 Revolution and appeasement of October Manifesto

• Created to appease but system doesn’t really work
• Tsar has to dissolve the Duma twice
• Tsarist system loses power, but is still very hierarchical
  
  • Tsar
  • Council of Ministers (now more constitutional with Prime Minister)
  • State Council and Duma (can be dissolved or ignored by the Tsar)
• Electorate (Vote for the Duma)

Question 3

Under Lenin

• A ____ ____ - leads to ____ masses and ____
  
  • ____-____ ____ of ____ (oversee the ____)
  • ____ (cabinet)
  • ____ ____
  • ____ (elect ____ ____)
• Real power within the ____ system
• Called it ____ ____
• Orders go down the ____
  
  • ____
  • ____ ____ (sends members to rule over the ____ of ____)
  • ____ ____
  • Ordinary ____ ____

Answer 3

Under Lenin

• A sham democracy - leads to disengaged masses and confusion
  
  • All-Russian Congress of Soviets (oversee the Sovnarkom)
  • Sovnarkom (cabinet)
  • Local soviets
  • Electorate (elect local soviets)
• Real power within the party system
• Called it democratic centralism
• Orders go down the hierarchy
  
  • Politburo
  • Central Committee (sends members to rule over the Congress of Soviets)
  • Local committees
  • Ordinary party members

Question 4

Stalin’s 1936 Constitution

• Party system ____ the ____
• The sham democracy becomes:
  
  • ____ (more ____ than Politburo, filled with Stalin’s ____ leading ____)
  • ____ ____ (made up of the Soviets below)
    
    • Soviet of the ____
    • Soviet of the ____ (first example of ____)
  • ____ (vote for the Soviet of the ____)

Answer 4

Stalin’s 1936 Constitution

• Party system remains the same
• The sham democracy becomes:
  
  • Praesidium (more elite than Politburo, filled with Stalin’s personal leading kadras)
  • Supreme Soviet (made up of the Soviets below)
    
    • Soviet of the Union
    • Soviet of the Nationalities (first example of regionalism)
  • Electorate (vote for the Soviet of the Union)

Question 5

Khrushchev

• Removes ____ but other than that keeps ____ ____
• Re-establishes ____ power
• A more ____ system
• Used ____ ____ to oust enemies

Answer 5

Khrushchev

• Removes Praesidium but other than that keeps 1936 Constitution
• Re-establishes Politburo power
• A more collegiate system
• Used Central Committee to oust enemies