Ideology/ justification Flashcards
Tsarist Autocracy provided justification for Tsarist rule.
In general terms it is a system of government in which ____ ____ has ____ power.
Tsarist Autocracy provided justification for Tsarist rule.
In general terms it is a system of government in which one person has total power.
In Russia, autocracy had three strands.
- The Tsar expected ____ and ____ submission of his subjects in a system based on ____ faith (Russian ____ ____). He was not required to be ____ to the people.
In Russia, autocracy had three strands.
- The Tsar expected willing and total submission of his subjects in a system based on religious faith (Russian Orthodox Christianity). He was not required to be accountable to the people.
In Russia, autocracy had three strands:
- The Tsar had a ____ role - he was required to be the ‘____ ____’ on behalf of ____, with a duty to ____ his subjects and ____ their behaviour for the good of the ____.
In Russia, autocracy had three strands:
- The Tsar had a paternalistic role - he was required to be the ‘moral judge’ on behalf of God, with a duty to protect his subjects and control their behaviour for the good of the whole.
In Russia, autocracy had three strands:
- It was seen as a practical necessity as Russia was so ____.
The most influential ideological advocate for autocracy, ____, stated that due to the competing ____ and ____ interests of Russia, one man with a Tsarist ____ was better suited to rule, especially as vast majority of Russian people were ____ ____.
In Russia, autocracy had three strands:
- It was seen as a practical necessity as Russia was so vast.
The most influential ideological advocate for autocracy, Pobedonostsev, stated that due to the competing ethnic and national interests of Russia, one man with a Tsarist education was better suited to rule, especially as vast majority of Russian people were illiterate peasants.
The ____ ____ ____ upheld Russian autocracy, and vice versa.
The Russian Othodox Church upheld Russian autocracy, and vice versa.
Autocracy was continuously enforced by the Tsars through ____, ____, and ____.
Autocracy was continuously enforced by the Tsars through manifestos, speeches, and policies.
All the Tsars ____ to the concept of autocracy, and ____ and ____ it.
All the Tsars adhered to the concept of autocracy, and promoted and justified it.
Ultimately, the Tsars were never going to give up ____ ____.
Ultimately, the Tsars were never going to give up personal control.
The Communists, but especially ____, justified their rule through ____.
The Communists, but especially Lenin, justified their rule through Marxism.
Marxism justified Communist revolution through ____ ____ - that the machine of ____ necessitated their ____.
Marxism justified Communist revolution through dialectical materialism - that the machine of history necessitated their rule.
Communist government
A social organisation where everybody is ____, there is an abundance of ____ produced by ____ rather than ____ ____.
Works on the principle of ‘____ each according to their ____, ____ each according to their ____’.
Communist government
A social organisation where everybody is equal, there is an abundance of goods produced by machinery rather than workers’ labour.
Works on the principle of ‘from each according to their ability, to each according to their need’.
Similarities between Autocracy and Communism:
- Ordained by a ____ ____ - ____ or ____
- Had a ‘____’ of society (Introduced by ____ in Communism)
- Distrusted ____ (Tsars because ____ system, Communists because ____ old system, solution was ____)
- Insistence on ____ political control, with no freedom of ____ or power ____, enforced with ____ ____
- Professed to be listening to the ____, but very ____ heavy
- Elaborate ____ which neither ideology ____, but ____ by leaders to include this
- Both fell as ideologies ____ themselves - failed to ____ to growing ____
- Strong emaphsis on Russian ____ and ____
- Economic change led from ____
Similarities between Autocracy and Communism:
- Ordained by a greater power - God or history
- Had a ‘superstructure’ of society (Introduced by Stalin in Communism)
- Distrusted reform (Tsars because threatened system, Communists because perpetuated old system, solution was revolution)
- Insistence on absolute political control, with no freedom of expression or power sharing, enforced with secret police
- Professed to be listening to the people, but very top heavy
- Elaborate bureaucracy which neither ideology justified, but distorted by leaders to include this
- Both fell as ideologies doomed themselves - failed to adapt to growing pressures
- Strong emaphsis on Russian nationalism and patriotism
- Economic change led from above
Differences between Autocracy and Communism
- Tsars upheld mutually through ____, Communism saw it as the ‘____ of the ____’
- Terror and secret police used far more ____ under ____ (____ especially)
- Autocracy saw history as an ____ development of ____ ____, Marx viewed history as process of ____ ____, leading ____ to the removal of ____
- Autocracy saw democracy as bad because ____, Marxism saw it as a ____ method of the ____
Differences between Autocracy and Communism
- Tsars upheld mutually through religion, Communism saw it as the ‘opium of the masses’
- Terror and secret police used far more extensively under Communism (Stalin especially)
- Autocracy saw history as an organic development of authoritarian tradition, Marx viewed history as process of class conflict, leading inevitably to the removal of heirarchy
- Autocracy saw democracy as bad because chaotic, Marxism saw it as a controlling method of the bourgeoisie
