Organisation Flashcards
What are enzymes? What do they do?
Enzymes are catalysts produced by living things. They speed up chemical reactions in the body so that they take place at an efficient rate. Without enzymes, we would die.
What happens to an enzyme when the temperature gets too much higher than the optinum?
The enzyme denatures
What happens to an enzyme when the pH gets too much higher than the optinum?
The enzyme denatures
What happens to the enzyme when it denatures?
The active site changes shape/size and a reaction can no longer take place as the substrate will not fit in anymore.
Why can’t a reaction take place when an enzyme is denatured?
As the active site is no longer the specific shape/size that it needs to be, the substrate no longer fits in.
Why do digestive enzymes need to break down large food molecules?
So that the smaller, soluble molecules can pass easily through the walls of the digestive system, alowing then to be absorbed into the bloodstream.
what is the substrate that goes into a protease enzyme?
Protein
what is the product that comes out of a protease enzyme?
Amino acids
Where are protease produced?
Stomach, small intestine and pancreas
what is the substrate that goes into a lipase enzyme?
Lipids
what is the product that comes out of a lipase enzyme?
Glycerol and fatty acids
Where are lipase enzymes produced?
Small intestine and pancreas
what is the substrate that goes into a amylase enzyme?
Starch
what is the product that comes out of a amylase enzyme?
Sugars eg. maltose and dextrins
where are amylase enzymes produces?
Small intestine, pancreas and salivary glands
How does bile aid digestion?
It nutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats.
Why do we need oxygen?
To carry out respiration
How does oxygen get from the air into our blood?
The air is breathed in and goes down the trachea. This splits into two tubes called bronchi, one going to each lung. The bronchi splits into progressively smaller tubes called bronchioles. The bronchioles end at a small bag called an alveolus. Oxygen is diffused through the small wall of the alveolus into the blood and is then transported by red blood cells.
How do you calculate breathing rate?
number of breaths divided by the number of minutes.
What are the four components of the blood and what are their functions?
Plasma- Carries everything eg. glucose, amino acids, carbon dioxide, hormones etc.
Platelets- Help blood to clot
Red blood cells- Carry oxygen away from the lungs and CO2 to the lungs
White blood cells- Fight against infection; phagocytosis
What does a double circulatory system mean?
It has two circuits.
ONE: right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to take in oxygen. The blood then returns to the heart.
TWO: left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood around the body to all cells. The deoxygenated blood then returns to the heart again.
How is your heart rate controlled?
A group of cells in the right atrium act as a pacemaker.
What are the three types if blood vessel?
Vein
Artery
Capillaries
Compare the three types of blood vessel.
Arteries have strong, elastic walls as blood pressure is high here. Veins have a thinner wall as blood pressure isn’t as high here. Capillaries have a thin wall for efficient diffusion.
Veins have valves to ensure that blood is flowing the right way.
