Organisation Flashcards
Definition of a cell
Basic building blocks that make up all living organism
Definition of a tissue
A group of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function
Definition of an organ
A group of different tissues that work together to perform a particular function
Definition of an organ system
A group of organs that work together to perform a particular function
Definition of a multicellular organism
An organism made up of more that one cell
Definition of digestive enzymes
Proteins that act as biological catalysts breaking chemical bonds and turning large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones
Where is protease made
Stomach
Small intestine
Pancreas
Where does protease act
Stomach
Small intestine
Where is lipase made
Small intestine
Pancreas
Where does lipase act
Small intestine
Where is amylase made
Salivary glands
Small intestine
Pancreas
Where does amylase act
Mouth
Small intestine
What is the function of the mouth
Chews up food to increase surface area
What is the function of the salivary glands
Releases saliva into the mouth (containing amylase)
Function of the Oesophagus
Connects mouth to stomach
Function of the stomach
Churns food and breaks down proteins (protease)
Function of the liver
Produces bile to emulsify fats and break them down
Function of the Gaul bladder
Stores bile and releases it into the small intestine
Function of the pancreas
Produces digestive enzymes
Function of the Small intestine
Absorbs nutrients into the blood
Function of the large intestine
Absorbs remaining water into the body
Function of the rectum
Stores faeces
Function of the anus
Where the faeces leaves the body
Examples of mechanical digestion
Chewing
Stomach churning
Examples of chemical digestion
Enzymes
What does amylase break down
Starch into glucose
What does carbohydrase break down
Carbohydrates into simple sugars
What does protease break down
Protein into amino acids
What does lipase break down
Lipids (fats) into glycerol and fatty acids
How are alveoli adapted for diffusion
Large surface area
1 cell thick wall (shorter diffusion distance)
Large supply of blood (steep concentration gradient)
What happens to enzymes at cold temperatures
The enzymes don’t have enough kinetic energy to break down food, so are inactive
What happens to enzymes at hot temperatures
Bonds in the enzyme break, causing the active site to de-nature, changing shape and no longer being complementary to the substrate
What does the diaphragm do when inhaling
Contracts/pulls
What does the diaphragm do when exhaling
Relaxes/moves upward
What do the intercostal muscles do when inhaling
Contract/pulls up and out
What do the intercostal muscles do when exhaling
Relax/moves down and in
How does the lung volume change in inhalation
Increases
How does the lung volume change in exhalation
Decreases
How does the lung pressure change in inhalation
Decreases
How does the lung pressure change in exhalation
Increases
Blood flows from the vena cava into…
…the right atrium
The right atrium contracts and pushes the blood to the…
…right ventricle
The right ventricle contracts and pushes blood out of the…
…pulmonary artery to the lungs
Blood flows from the lungs to the…
…pulmonary vein
Blood flows from the pulmonary vein to the…
…Left atrium
The left atrium contracts and pushes blood to the…
…left ventricle
The left ventricle contracts and pushes blood out of the…
…aorta to the body’s cells
What is a single circulatory system
Goes through the heart once in a full circuit
What is a double circulatory system
Goes through the heart twice in a full circuit
What is the function of an artery
Takes blood away from the heart
What is the function of a vein
Takes blood to the heart
What is the function of capillaries
Exchanges substances in and out of the blood
Artery structure
Thick walls
Narrow lumen
Vein structure
Thin walls
Wide lumen
Valves
Capillary structure
One cell thick
Very narrow lumen
