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Biology GCSE > Organisation > Flashcards

Organisation Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of a cell

A

Basic building blocks that make up all living organism

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2
Q

Definition of a tissue

A

A group of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function

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3
Q

Definition of an organ

A

A group of different tissues that work together to perform a particular function

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4
Q

Definition of an organ system

A

A group of organs that work together to perform a particular function

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5
Q

Definition of a multicellular organism

A

An organism made up of more that one cell

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6
Q

Definition of digestive enzymes

A

Proteins that act as biological catalysts breaking chemical bonds and turning large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones

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7
Q

Where is protease made

A

Stomach
Small intestine
Pancreas

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8
Q

Where does protease act

A

Stomach
Small intestine

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9
Q

Where is lipase made

A

Small intestine
Pancreas

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10
Q

Where does lipase act

A

Small intestine

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11
Q

Where is amylase made

A

Salivary glands
Small intestine
Pancreas

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12
Q

Where does amylase act

A

Mouth
Small intestine

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13
Q

What is the function of the mouth

A

Chews up food to increase surface area

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14
Q

What is the function of the salivary glands

A

Releases saliva into the mouth (containing amylase)

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15
Q

Function of the Oesophagus

A

Connects mouth to stomach

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16
Q

Function of the stomach

A

Churns food and breaks down proteins (protease)

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17
Q

Function of the liver

A

Produces bile to emulsify fats and break them down

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18
Q

Function of the Gaul bladder

A

Stores bile and releases it into the small intestine

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19
Q

Function of the pancreas

A

Produces digestive enzymes

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20
Q

Function of the Small intestine

A

Absorbs nutrients into the blood

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21
Q

Function of the large intestine

A

Absorbs remaining water into the body

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22
Q

Function of the rectum

A

Stores faeces

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23
Q

Function of the anus

A

Where the faeces leaves the body

24
Q

Examples of mechanical digestion

A

Chewing
Stomach churning

25
Q

Examples of chemical digestion

A

Enzymes

26
Q

What does amylase break down

A

Starch into glucose

27
Q

What does carbohydrase break down

A

Carbohydrates into simple sugars

28
Q

What does protease break down

A

Protein into amino acids

29
Q

What does lipase break down

A

Lipids (fats) into glycerol and fatty acids

30
Q

How are alveoli adapted for diffusion

A

Large surface area
1 cell thick wall (shorter diffusion distance)
Large supply of blood (steep concentration gradient)

31
Q

What happens to enzymes at cold temperatures

A

The enzymes don’t have enough kinetic energy to break down food, so are inactive

32
Q

What happens to enzymes at hot temperatures

A

Bonds in the enzyme break, causing the active site to de-nature, changing shape and no longer being complementary to the substrate

33
Q

What does the diaphragm do when inhaling

A

Contracts/pulls

34
Q

What does the diaphragm do when exhaling

A

Relaxes/moves upward

35
Q

What do the intercostal muscles do when inhaling

A

Contract/pulls up and out

36
Q

What do the intercostal muscles do when exhaling

A

Relax/moves down and in

37
Q

How does the lung volume change in inhalation

A

Increases

38
Q

How does the lung volume change in exhalation

A

Decreases

39
Q

How does the lung pressure change in inhalation

A

Decreases

40
Q

How does the lung pressure change in exhalation

A

Increases

41
Q

Blood flows from the vena cava into…

A

…the right atrium

42
Q

The right atrium contracts and pushes the blood to the…

A

…right ventricle

43
Q

The right ventricle contracts and pushes blood out of the…

A

…pulmonary artery to the lungs

44
Q

Blood flows from the lungs to the…

A

…pulmonary vein

45
Q

Blood flows from the pulmonary vein to the…

A

…Left atrium

46
Q

The left atrium contracts and pushes blood to the…

A

…left ventricle

47
Q

The left ventricle contracts and pushes blood out of the…

A

…aorta to the body’s cells

48
Q

What is a single circulatory system

A

Goes through the heart once in a full circuit

49
Q

What is a double circulatory system

A

Goes through the heart twice in a full circuit

50
Q

What is the function of an artery

A

Takes blood away from the heart

51
Q

What is the function of a vein

A

Takes blood to the heart

52
Q

What is the function of capillaries

A

Exchanges substances in and out of the blood

53
Q

Artery structure

A

Thick walls
Narrow lumen

54
Q

Vein structure

A

Thin walls
Wide lumen
Valves

55
Q

Capillary structure

A

One cell thick
Very narrow lumen

Biology GCSE (7 decks)

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