Organisation

Question 1

Definition of a cell

Answer 1

Basic building blocks that make up all living organism

Question 2

Definition of a tissue

Answer 2

A group of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function

Question 3

Definition of an organ

Answer 3

A group of different tissues that work together to perform a particular function

Question 4

Definition of an organ system

Answer 4

A group of organs that work together to perform a particular function

Question 5

Definition of a multicellular organism

Answer 5

An organism made up of more that one cell

Question 6

Definition of digestive enzymes

Answer 6

Proteins that act as biological catalysts breaking chemical bonds and turning large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones

Question 7

Where is protease made

Answer 7

Stomach
Small intestine
Pancreas

Question 8

Where does protease act

Answer 8

Stomach
Small intestine

Question 9

Where is lipase made

Answer 9

Small intestine
Pancreas

Question 10

Where does lipase act

Answer 10

Small intestine

Question 11

Where is amylase made

Answer 11

Salivary glands
Small intestine
Pancreas

Question 12

Where does amylase act

Answer 12

Mouth
Small intestine

Question 13

What is the function of the mouth

Answer 13

Chews up food to increase surface area

Question 14

What is the function of the salivary glands

Answer 14

Releases saliva into the mouth (containing amylase)

Question 15

Function of the Oesophagus

Answer 15

Connects mouth to stomach

Question 16

Function of the stomach

Answer 16

Churns food and breaks down proteins (protease)

Question 17

Function of the liver

Answer 17

Produces bile to emulsify fats and break them down

Question 18

Function of the Gaul bladder

Answer 18

Stores bile and releases it into the small intestine

Question 19

Function of the pancreas

Answer 19

Produces digestive enzymes

Question 20

Function of the Small intestine

Answer 20

Absorbs nutrients into the blood

Question 21

Function of the large intestine

Answer 21

Absorbs remaining water into the body

Question 22

Function of the rectum

Answer 22

Stores faeces

Question 23

Function of the anus

Answer 23

Where the faeces leaves the body

Question 24

Examples of mechanical digestion

Answer 24

Chewing
Stomach churning

Question 25

Examples of chemical digestion

Answer 25

Enzymes

Question 26

What does amylase break down

Answer 26

Starch into glucose

Question 27

What does carbohydrase break down

Answer 27

Carbohydrates into simple sugars

Question 28

What does protease break down

Answer 28

Protein into amino acids

Question 29

What does lipase break down

Answer 29

Lipids (fats) into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 30

How are alveoli adapted for diffusion

Answer 30

Large surface area 1 cell thick wall (shorter diffusion distance) Large supply of blood (steep concentration gradient)

Question 31

What happens to enzymes at cold temperatures

Answer 31

The enzymes don’t have enough kinetic energy to break down food, so are inactive

Question 32

What happens to enzymes at hot temperatures

Answer 32

Bonds in the enzyme break, causing the active site to de-nature, changing shape and no longer being complementary to the substrate

Question 33

What does the diaphragm do when inhaling

Answer 33

Contracts/pulls

Question 34

What does the diaphragm do when exhaling

Answer 34

Relaxes/moves upward

Question 35

What do the intercostal muscles do when inhaling

Answer 35

Contract/pulls up and out

Question 36

What do the intercostal muscles do when exhaling

Answer 36

Relax/moves down and in

Question 37

How does the lung volume change in inhalation

Answer 37

Increases

Question 38

How does the lung volume change in exhalation

Answer 38

Decreases

Question 39

How does the lung pressure change in inhalation

Answer 39

Decreases

Question 40

How does the lung pressure change in exhalation

Answer 40

Increases

Question 41

Blood flows from the vena cava into…

Answer 41

…the right atrium

Question 42

The right atrium contracts and pushes the blood to the…

Answer 42

…right ventricle

Question 43

The right ventricle contracts and pushes blood out of the…

Answer 43

…pulmonary artery to the lungs

Question 44

Blood flows from the lungs to the…

Answer 44

…pulmonary vein

Question 45

Blood flows from the pulmonary vein to the…

Answer 45

…Left atrium

Question 46

The left atrium contracts and pushes blood to the…

Answer 46

…left ventricle

Question 47

The left ventricle contracts and pushes blood out of the…

Answer 47

…aorta to the body’s cells

Question 48

What is a single circulatory system

Answer 48

Goes through the heart once in a full circuit

Question 49

What is a double circulatory system

Answer 49

Goes through the heart twice in a full circuit

Question 50

What is the function of an artery

Answer 50

Takes blood away from the heart

Question 51

What is the function of a vein

Answer 51

Takes blood to the heart

Question 52

What is the function of capillaries

Answer 52

Exchanges substances in and out of the blood

Question 53

Artery structure

Answer 53

Thick walls Narrow lumen

Question 54

Vein structure

Answer 54

Thin walls Wide lumen Valves

Question 55

Capillary structure

Answer 55

One cell thick Very narrow lumen

Question 56

Food tests for sugar (glucose)

Answer 56

Benedict’s reagent Boil in hot water bath Turns from blue to brick 🧱 red if present

Question 57

Food tests for starch

Answer 57

Iodine Turns from yellow-brown to blue-black if present

Question 58

Food tests for proteins

Answer 58

Biurets reagent Turns from blue to lilac-purple

Question 59

Food tests for fats

Answer 59

Ethanol then water Turns for colourless to white emulsion if present

Question 60

What shape are red blood cells and why

Answer 60

Biconcave to create a larger surface area for diffusion

Question 61

What substance do red blood cells have in

Answer 61

Haemoglobin to bond to oxygen

Question 62

What organelle does a red blood cell not have and why

Answer 62

Nucleus to have more space for haemoglobin

Question 63

What are platelets

Answer 63

Small fragments of cells No nucleus Made in bone marrow Clot blood at wounds

Question 64

What is dissolved in plasma

Answer 64

Red/white blood cells Platelets Glucose (small intestine to lungs) Amino acids Carbon dioxide (cells to lungs) Urea (cells to kidney) Hormones Proteins Antibodies Antitoxins

Question 65

Equation for rate of blood flow

Answer 65

Rate of blood flow = volume of blood (divided by) number of minutes