Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a community

A

The populations of different species living in a habitat

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2
Q

What is a population

A

All the organisms of one species living in a habitat

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3
Q

What is an ecosystem

A

The interaction of a community of living organisms with the non-living parts of their environment

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4
Q

What are abiotic factors

A

Non-living factors of the environment

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5
Q

What are biotic factors

A

Living factors of an environment

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6
Q

What is a habitat

A

The place where an organism lives

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7
Q

What is a predator

A

An animal that eats another animal in a food chain

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8
Q

What is prey

A

An animal that is eaten by another animal in the food chain

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9
Q

What is interdependence

A

Organisms relying on other organisms for things like food, shelter, pollination, seed dispersal

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10
Q

What do plants compete for

A

Water
Sunlight
Space
Mineral ions

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11
Q

What do animals compete for

A

Food
Water
Mates
Territory

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12
Q

What are extaemophilles

A

An organism that is adapted to live in extreme conditions like:
High temperature
High pressure
High salt
(e.g. bacteria that live in deep sea vents)

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13
Q

Behavioural adaptations

A

The way an organism behaves
(e.g. lizards burrow under the sand to cool down and pitcher plants open/close )

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14
Q

Structural adaptations

A

Features of an organisms body structure
(e.g. bears have a small SA:V to reduce heat loss and pitcher plants have ridges to catch food)

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15
Q

Functional adaptations

A

Processes that occur within the organisms body
(e.g. bears 🐻 slow body for hibernation using hormones and pitcher plants 🌱 produce wax/digestive fluids)

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16
Q

What do food chains show

A

The flow of energy through an ecosystem through the process of feeding

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17
Q

Producers

A

Absorb light energy to produce their own food through photosynthesis

18
Q

Consumers

A

Obtain energy through eating other organisms

19
Q

Decomposers

A

Obtain energy by breaking down dead matter

20
Q

Trophic levels

A

Feeding levels in food chains
(Producer is level 1)

21
Q

Stable communities

A

All species and environmental factors are in balance, so the population sizes remain roughly constant over time

22
Q

Precipitation

A

Rain, hail, snow, sleet that falls from the clouds

23
Q

Condensation

A

When water vapour cools and turns into clouds

24
Q

Evaporation

A

When the sun heats up water and it rises into the air

25
Groundwater flow
When water flows through the rocks πŸͺ¨ and soil underground
26
Surface run-off
When the water runs off the surface of the ground
27
Transpiration
When the sun heats up the water from the leaves of trees
28
Decomposition is caused by…
…microorganisms such as bacteria 🦠 and fungi πŸ„
29
Equation for respiration
6O(2) + C(6)H(12)O(6) = 6CO(2) + 6H(2)O
30
What factors affect photosynthesis
Light intensity Carbon dioxide concentration Temperature
31
What kind of organisms do you use for measuring the number of organisms in an area
Small non-motile
32
Equation for number of organisms in an area
Area of field (divided by) area of quadrant X mean
33
Biodiversity
The variety of different species of organisms within an ecosystem
34
What do humans rely on other species for
Food Materials Shelter Medicine Purification
35
What do humans use land for
Farming 🚜 Building 🏠 Quarrying ⛏ Landfill πŸ—‘
36
How do humans process waste
Landfill πŸ—‘ Recycling ♻️ Incineration πŸ”₯ Composting 🌱
37
Types of pollution
Air πŸ’¨ Water πŸ’§ Land/Earth 🌎
38
Eutrophication
(Algae bloom) When fertilisers run off field into lakes they cause the algae to multiply rapidly This blocks sunlight and so prevents aquatic plants from photosynthesising
39
What is carbon sequestration
The process of removing carbon from the atmosphere
40
What are peat bogs
Areas of acidic, waterlogged land that contains partially decomposed plants
41
Why are peat bogs being cleared
For farmland, fuel or compost
42
Why are peat bogs important
There is little oxygen in peat bogs, so microorganisms can’t survive causing less decomposition and less carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere