Organisation Flashcards
Cells form tissues. Tissues form __________.
organs
Organs are groups of ________ that perform similar functions.
tissues
______ are groups of tissues that perform similar functions.
organs
Organs are groups of tissues that _______ ______ __________.
perform similar functions
What type of tissue produces digestive juices in the stomach?
glandular
Which organ system coordinates the actions of the body?
nervous system
Is the brain a cell, tissue or an organ?
organ
Name the organs in the digestive system where digestion takes place.
- stomach
- small intestine
Is a neurone a cell, organ or tissue?
cell
What type of tissue contracts to bring about movement in an animal?
muscular
Which organ system transports substances around the body?
cardiovascular system transports substances in blood
What are the basic building blocks of all living organisms?
cells
What type of tissue is found in the stomach and is used to churn its contents?
muscular
What type of tissue produces enzymes?
glandular
The circulatory system, the nervous system and the digestive system are all examples of what?
organ systems
An ________ _________ consists of a group of organs which work together to perform one or more functions.
organ system
An organ system consists of a group of _______ which work together to perform one or more functions.
organs
An organ system consists of a group of organs which work together to perform ___ __ _____ __________.
one or more functions
True or false? Enzymes are made of proteins.
true
Name one type of food group that is made from glycerol and fatty acids.
lipids
What type of molecule is made from a long chain of amino acids?
protein
True or false? Enzymes are described as biological catalysts because although they take part in biochemical reactions they are not used up in the process.
true
High temperatures change an enzyme’s __________ and stop it working.
shape
When a protein molecule permanently changes its shape on being heated, this is known as __________.
denaturing
What is the name given to biological catalysts?
enzymes
Lipases break down fats into fatty acids and which other chemical?
glycerol
What is the name of the enzyme that digests carbohydrates?
amylase
In which place is lipase NOT made?
gall bladder
What is the missing word? If an enzyme is heated to a temperature of 50°C it stops working permanently. The enzyme is said to have become __________.
denatured
True or false? The small intestine produces enzymes.
true
What type of protein is a catalyst for chemical reactions?
enzyme
Digestive enzymes break down food into molecules that are small enough to be… what?
absorbed into the bloodstream
Enzymes can be affected by acidity and alkalinity. What name is given to the scale that measures acidity and alkalinity?
pH scale
What type of molecule are enzymes made from?
proteins
What type of molecule is made from amino acids and acts as a biological catalyst?
enzyme
What process does not require enzymes?
osmosis
Which organ system is responsible for digesting and absorbing food?
digestive system
What is the name given to the theory that explains how a substrate fits the active site of an enzyme?
lock and key
What is the missing word? Enzymes are described as biological catalysts because they increase the __________ of biochemical reactions inside and outside living cells.
rate
True or false? The action of an enzyme upon its substrate is described as a “lock and key” mechanism.
true
What type of enzyme is produced in the stomach?
protease
Enzymes are catalysts which __________ the rate of a chemical reaction.
increase
__________ is the name given to the process of breaking down large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble food molecules with the use of enzymes.
digestion
Amylase enzyme is produced in the salivary glands, the small intestine and which other organ?
pancreas
Two functions of bile are to neutralise stomach acids and emulsifies… what?
fat
______ is absorbed by the large intestine
water
Water is absorbed by the ____ ___________
large intestine
Bile neutralizes hydrochloric acid in the stomach because bile is __________.
alkaline
What scientific name is given to the temperature or pH at which an enzyme works best?
optimum
True or false? All enzymes are proteins.
true
What type of chemical is formed when proteins are broken down?
amino acid
Name one type of substance that is broken down by lipase enzymes.
lipids
What substance is broken down by amylase in the mouth to form a sugar?
starch
What substance is produced by the stomach to lower the pH so that the stomach enzymes can work effectively?
hydrochloric acid
The products of digestion are used to build new carbohydrates, lipids, and what else?
proteins
What enzyme is produced in the salivary glands?
amylase
Temperature must be controlled in order to maintain the optimum temperature for what type of protein to work?
enzymes
The small intestine produces amylase, protease and which other enzyme?
lipase
What can be used to keep patients alive while they’re waiting for a heart transplant?
artificial heart
Chemicals known as carcinogens are found in tobacco smoke. What disease do they cause?
lung cancer
Coronary heart disease leads to a lack of __________ blood getting to the heart muscle.
oxygenated
Name the organs that can be severely damaged by excessive alcohol consumption.
- liver
- heart
- brain
Obesity can lead to what disease, in which there is excess sugar in the blood?
type 2 diabetes
What do stents do?
hold the artery open in an area where you have a narrowing
What drugs can be used to lower blood cholesterol levels?
statins
What drugs are commonly used to lower the risk of heart and circulatory diseases?
statins
If a person takes in more food than is needed they will become overweight. What is the scientific name for being very overweight?
obesity
When someone drinks alcohol their reaction time is much __________ than normal.
slower
The person receiving an organ transplant is known as the recipient. What is the person supplying the transplant organ known as?
organ donor
After exposure to ionising radiation, cells can divide uncontrollably. This is known as what?
cancer
In which organ in the human body is alcohol broken down?
liver
__________ circulation becomes inefficient when a person has a faulty heart valve.
blood
__________ replicating in cells can be the trigger for cancers.
viruses
True or false? Drink driving is dangerous because the alcohol in the driver’s body will decrease his reaction speed.
true
___-_________________ diseases are ones which cannot be passed from person to person.
non-communicable
Non-communicable diseases are ones which _________ be passed from person to person.
cannot
Non-communicable diseases are ones which cannot be passed from ______ __ ______.
person to person
Alcohol in the system can increase the chance of accidents. Which of the following effects of the alcohol could explain this?
slows reactions
What is the name of the medical condition characterised by high blood sugar levels?
diabetes
What name is given to the small mesh tube used to treat narrowed arteries?
coronary artery stent
Atherosclerosis occurs when fatty material builds up in the arteries. What disease is caused by this blocking the coronary artery?
coronary heart disease
Which organ of the body, other than the brain, is most at risk of damage from drinking excess alcohol?
liver
Health is the state of physical and __________ well-being. What is the missing word in this sentence?
mental
Which organ of the body is supplied with blood by the coronary arteries?
heart muscle
Name the waste gas transported around the body in the plasma.
carbon dioxide
Name the substance that is transported in the blood plasma from the liver to the kidneys.
urea
True or false? Blood is a tissue.
true
Which component of the blood transports the oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body?
red blood cells
Name the group of chemical messengers transported around the body in the plasma.
hormones
Which type of cell is being described in the following passage? The cell has a large surface area due to its biconcave shape. It is able to store lots of haemoglobin as it does not have a nucleus.
red blood cells
Which component of the blood transports carbon dioxide and urea in the body?
plasma
Name the red pigment that gives red blood cells their colour.
haemoglobin
Which of the components in blood helps the blood to clot at the site of a wound?
platelets
What name is given to the fluid component of blood?
plasma
Which of the following is NOT transported mainly in the plasma?
oxygen
Which plant organ transports substances up and down the plant?
stem
The ___________ __________ layer is where most of the photosynthesis occurs in the leaf.
palisade mesophyll
The palisade mesophyll layer is where most of the ________________ occurs in the leaf.
photosynthesis
The palisade mesophyll layer is where most of the photosynthesis occurs in the ____.
leaf
Name the type of cells that give roots a greater surface area for absorption.
root hair cells
If a plant is losing water faster than it can be replaced by its roots, its stomata will __________.
close
The movement of water from the roots, through the plant and out of the leaves is known as the… what?
transpiration
Name the gas that plants need to take in from the air for photosynthesis.
carbon dioxide
Name some factors that affects transpiration rate.
- light intensity
- temperature
- humidity
What is the scientific name for the process by which water vapour evaporates from the leaves of a plant?
transpiration
True or false? The epidermis of leaves of plants absorbs water for photosynthesis.
false
Some weedkillers contain a plant auxin that causes some types of plant to lose their leaves. Name a process that occurs in a plant that will be affected by losing its leaves.
- photosynthesis
- transpiration
Which of these is an example of a plant organ?
stem
Which type of tissue is found covering the surface of leaves?
epidermal tissue
In which part of a plant are sugars produced?
leaves
Give the name of the cells that control the size of stomata in a leaf.
guard cells
True or false? Transpiration only moves materials from the roots to the leaves in an upwards direction.
true
stoma
a tiny pore bordered by guard cells
what is a a tiny pore bordered by guard cells?
stoma
Which type of tissue is found covering the organs of plants?
epidermal tissue
Name the plant tissue that transports sugars around a plant.
phloem
By which process does carbon dioxide enter a plant?
diffusion
Why do leaves have a flattened shape?
to give them a large surface area
Which plant organ absorbs the most light for photosynthesis?
leaf
In what type of plant tissue does translocation take place?
phloem
What plant tissue located at the tips of roots and shoots will differentiate into different plant cells?
meristem tissue
Where do plants on land get their ions from?
soil
The stomata in a leaf allow which gas to diffuse into the leaf from the air?
carbon dioxide
Name the tissues that are found in the veins of plants.
xylem and phloem tissues
Name the type of plant tissue in which most photosynthesis takes place.
palisade mesophyll layer
Name the gas produced by photosynthesis that is removed from a plant’s leaves during the day.
oxygen
Most of the gaseous exchange that occurs in a plant happens in what organ?
leaves
Name the type of cells which transport water and minerals throughout plants.
xylem cells
What name is given to the pores in the surface of a leaf that allow gases in and out?
stomata
Name the transport tissue that transports water through a plant.
xylem tissue
What is an example of a plant tissue?
xylem tissue
Xylem is strengthened by what substance?
lignin
Name the other important substance, besides water, that a plant absorbs using its roots.
mineral ions
As well as minerals and nutrients, what else do plants obtain from soil?
water
Which plant organ absorbs water?
root
Which tissue transports water around a plant?
xylem tissue
Through which part of a plant does the plant absorb minerals?
root
Which type of transport moves sugars around the plant?
translocation
How many different types of transport tissue do plants contain?
2
Most of the water vapour lost from a plant is lost from the… what?
leaves
Which plant parts carry amino acids and sugars?
phloem
True or false? The gas exchange area of leaves is decreased by their internal air spaces.
false
Which tissue transports sugar around a plant?
phloem
