Organisation Flashcards
What is a tissue
A group of similar cells working together to carry out a specific role
What is an organ
A group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function
What is a catalyst
A substance that increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up in a reaction
Properties of the enzymic reactions
Reactions usually involve things either being split apart or joined together
Unique active site that fit onto substrate involved in reaction
Only catalyse 1 specific reaction
If substrate does not fit then reaction won’t be catalysed
What does changing the temp happen to enzymes and what happens when it’s too hot
Changing temp changes rate of the catalysed reaction
If it gets too hot some bonds holding enzyme break changing shape of substrate .it’s denatured
How does the ph affect enzymes
Too high and too low and it will cause it to be denatured
Optimimun ph is ph7
What does amylase do and where is it made
Converts carbohydrates into simple sugars
Made in salivary glands the pancreas the small intestine
What does protease do and where is it found
Converts proteins into amino acids
Found in stomach pancreas and small intestine
What does lipase do and where is it found
Converts lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
Found in small intestine and pancreas
Why does the stomach produce hydrochloric acids
To kill bacteria
To give the right ph for protease to work
Describe how air travels to lung
Thorax at the top of your body
Separated by the lower part of body by diaphragm
Lungs are like soft pink sponges protected by rib cage
Air you breathe in hoes through trachea, this splits into two tubes called bronchi
The bronchi splits into smaller tubes called bronchioles
Bronchioles end up at alveoli
How do the alveoli carry out gas exchange in lungs
Oxygen diffuses out the alveolus(high conc)into blood (low conc)
Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood (high conc)into the alveolus (low conc )
what happens when blood reaches body cells
Oxygen is released from red blood cells and diffuses into body cells
At same time car on dioxide diffuses into blood
Where it’s then carried back to lungs
Decribe what the double circulatory system does
Right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs to take in oxygen blood then returns to heart
Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood
Around all other organs around body blood then give up oxygen to body cells and returns to heart and lungs as deoxygenated blood
In order say what names the heart has for the right side and what does it pump
Deoxygenated blood
Vena cava—right atrium—right ventricle—pulmonary artery
In order say the names of the left part of the heart
Oxygenated blood
Pulmonary vein—left atruim—left ventricle—aorta
What is your resting heart rate called and where is it
Controlled by a group of cells that send an electrical impulse causing them to contract ,these cells being in the walls of the right atruim
What is an artificial pacemaker
Little devise implanted under skin that produces electrical current
What are the 3 different types of blood vessels and what are their functions
Arteries -carry blood away from heart
Capillaries-invloved in the exchange of materials at the tissues
Veins-carry blood to heart
Properties of arteries
Strong and elastic due to blood being pumped out at high pressure
Walls are thick compared to its lumen
Properties of capillaries
Tiny(to small to see)
Have permeable walls so substances can diffuse in and out
Supply food and oxygen and take away wastes like CO2
Properties of veins
Blood at lower pressure so walls are thinner
Have a bigger lumen
Have valves to keep blooding flowing right direction
Properties of red blood cells
Biconcave surface (give large surface area)
Red pigment called haemoglobin
In lungs oxygen binds to haemoglobin and is called oxyhaemoglobin
What do white blood cells do
Some change shape to engulf microorganisms in a process called phagocytosis
Others produce antibodies to fight microorganisms and some produce antitoxins to neutralise toxins
