Organisation

Question 1

What is a tissue

Answer 1

A group of similar cells working together to carry out a specific role

Question 2

What is an organ

Answer 2

A group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function

Question 3

What is a catalyst

Answer 3

A substance that increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up in a reaction

Question 4

Properties of the enzymic reactions

Answer 4

Reactions usually involve things either being split apart or joined together
Unique active site that fit onto substrate involved in reaction
Only catalyse 1 specific reaction
If substrate does not fit then reaction won’t be catalysed

Question 5

What does changing the temp happen to enzymes and what happens when it’s too hot

Answer 5

Changing temp changes rate of the catalysed reaction
If it gets too hot some bonds holding enzyme break changing shape of substrate .it’s denatured

Question 6

How does the ph affect enzymes

Answer 6

Too high and too low and it will cause it to be denatured
Optimimun ph is ph7

Question 7

What does amylase do and where is it made

Answer 7

Converts carbohydrates into simple sugars
Made in salivary glands the pancreas the small intestine

Question 8

What does protease do and where is it found

Answer 8

Converts proteins into amino acids
Found in stomach pancreas and small intestine

Question 9

What does lipase do and where is it found

Answer 9

Converts lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
Found in small intestine and pancreas

Question 10

Why does the stomach produce hydrochloric acids

Answer 10

To kill bacteria
To give the right ph for protease to work

Question 11

Describe how air travels to lung

Answer 11

Thorax at the top of your body
Separated by the lower part of body by diaphragm
Lungs are like soft pink sponges protected by rib cage
Air you breathe in hoes through trachea, this splits into two tubes called bronchi
The bronchi splits into smaller tubes called bronchioles
Bronchioles end up at alveoli

Question 12

How do the alveoli carry out gas exchange in lungs

Answer 12

Oxygen diffuses out the alveolus(high conc)into blood (low conc)
Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood (high conc)into the alveolus (low conc )

Question 13

what happens when blood reaches body cells

Answer 13

Oxygen is released from red blood cells and diffuses into body cells
At same time car on dioxide diffuses into blood
Where it’s then carried back to lungs

Question 14

Decribe what the double circulatory system does

Answer 14

Right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs to take in oxygen blood then returns to heart
Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood
Around all other organs around body blood then give up oxygen to body cells and returns to heart and lungs as deoxygenated blood

Question 15

In order say what names the heart has for the right side and what does it pump

Answer 15

Deoxygenated blood
Vena cava—right atrium—right ventricle—pulmonary artery

Question 16

In order say the names of the left part of the heart

Answer 16

Oxygenated blood
Pulmonary vein—left atruim—left ventricle—aorta

Question 17

What is your resting heart rate called and where is it

Answer 17

Controlled by a group of cells that send an electrical impulse causing them to contract ,these cells being in the walls of the right atruim

Question 18

What is an artificial pacemaker

Answer 18

Little devise implanted under skin that produces electrical current

Question 19

What are the 3 different types of blood vessels and what are their functions

Answer 19

Arteries -carry blood away from heart
Capillaries-invloved in the exchange of materials at the tissues
Veins-carry blood to heart

Question 20

Properties of arteries

Answer 20

Strong and elastic due to blood being pumped out at high pressure
Walls are thick compared to its lumen

Question 21

Properties of capillaries

Answer 21

Tiny(to small to see)
Have permeable walls so substances can diffuse in and out
Supply food and oxygen and take away wastes like CO2

Question 22

Properties of veins

Answer 22

Blood at lower pressure so walls are thinner
Have a bigger lumen
Have valves to keep blooding flowing right direction

Question 23

Properties of red blood cells

Answer 23

Biconcave surface (give large surface area)
Red pigment called haemoglobin
In lungs oxygen binds to haemoglobin and is called oxyhaemoglobin

Question 24

What do white blood cells do

Answer 24

Some change shape to engulf microorganisms in a process called phagocytosis
Others produce antibodies to fight microorganisms and some produce antitoxins to neutralise toxins

Question 25

What do platelets do and what would a lack of then do

Answer 25

Help clot a wound to stop blood pouring out
Lack of this would lead to excessive bleeding and bruising

Question 26

What is the plasma

Answer 26

Carries :red blood cells ,white blood cells,platelets
Glucose ,amino acids, hormones and proteins

Question 27

What is Conary heart disease

Answer 27

Where the Connery arteries get blocked up by layers of fatty material
This caused it to become narrow so blood is restricted,so lack oxygen ,can result in heart attack

Question 28

What are stents ,what are the pros and cons

Answer 28

Tubes that are inserted in arteries to keep them open
Are effective for long time and recovery time is quick
Downside is that there’s a risk of patients developing blood clot near stent ,called thrombosis

Question 29

What is cholersterol

Answer 29

An essential lipid that body produces and needs to function properly

Question 30

What are the advantages and disadvantages of stains

Answer 30

Advantages:
Reduces bad cholesterol,reduces risk of strokes and heart attacks
Increases amount of beneficial cholesterol
Disadvantages:
Long term drug that must be taken regularly
Can cause negative side effects eg:headaches

Question 31

What are artificial hearts

Answer 31

Mechanical devises that pump blood for a person who’s heart has failed
Temporary until a donor can be found

Question 32

What are faulty heart valves and how can they be formed

Answer 32

Can be damaged by heart attacks ,infection,old age
Can use valve tissue to stiffen so it won’t open properly or peachy valves will allow blood to flow both ways meaning blood can’t circulate properly

Question 33

What is a communicable desise

Answer 33

Can spread due to bacteria and virus and pathogens

Question 34

What is a non communicable disease

Answer 34

Cannot spread. generally last for longer time and get worse slowly

Question 35

What other factors can affect health

Answer 35

Whether of whether not you have a good balanced diet
The stress you’re under
Your life situation (eg access to medicine)

Question 36

How do risk factors increase chances of getting disease

Answer 36

Substances in environments(air quality) and substances in body(asbestos fibres)
Lifestyles

Question 37

How do some risk factors cause disease directly

Answer 37

Smoking has been proven to casue cardiovascular disease and lung cancer
Obesity can directly cause type 2 diabetes making the body resistant to the insulin

Question 38

How does alchol cause diseases

Answer 38

Shown to cause liver disease ,by damaging cells
Can also affect brain function can damage nerve cells in brains causing brain to lose volume

Question 39

How can risk factors be identified

Answer 39

Using correlation

Question 40

What is a benign tumour

Answer 40

Where tumour grows UNTILL there’s no more room
Timor stays in one place
Isn’t normally dangerous or cancerous

Question 41

What is a malignant tumour

Answer 41

Where tumour spreads to neighbouring healthy tissue
Cells can break off and travel to other parts of body via bloodstream
Are cancerous and fatal

Question 42

How can risk factors be associated with genetics

Answer 42

Mutations in the BRCA genes have been linked to an increased likelihood to developing breast and ovarian cancer