Bioenergetics Flashcards
How does photosynthesis produce glucose
By using light
What is the word and symbol equation on photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide +water—>glucose+oxygen
6CO2+6H2O—>C6H12O6+6O2
What 5 ways do plants use glucose
For respiration
-transfers energy from glucose
Making glucose
-glucose converted into cellulose
Making amino acids
-glucose combined with nitrate ions
Stored as fats or oils
-glucose turned into lipids
Stored as starch
Glucose turned into starch and stored in roots
What are the limiting factors to photosynthesis
Combined environmental factors
-night
-winter
-the amount of co2
Chlorophyll in leaf
What combined environmental effects limit photosynthesis
Night
Winter
If bright and warm enough the amount of co2 is limiting
How does no enough light slow down photosynthesis
As light level is raised,rate of photosynthesis increases but only up to a certain point
How does too little carbon dioxide slow down photosynthesis
As light intensity co2 will increase the rate to a point
As co2 increases,rate no longer does ,shows that co2 is not limiting
Why does temp have to be just right for photosynthesis
Due to it affecting enzymes
If plant gets too hot the enzymes get damaged
This happens at 45*
How can you measure the rate of photosynthesis
Source of white light placed at specific
distance from pondweed
Pondweed left to photosynthesis for set time ,oxygen will collect in capillary tube
At end the length of gas bubble is measured .this is proportional to the volume of Co2 produced
The controll variables are temp and time
Experiment is repeated to find a mean
And then repeated with light source in diff distance
How is the inverse square law link to light and distance
As distance increases light intensity decreases
Inversely proportional
How can you artificially create the ideal conditions for farming
Growing in greenhouse
Greenhouses trap suns heat and makes sure temp isn’t limiting ,in winter farmers use heaters to keep temp at ideal level
I’m summer it could get too hot so they might use shades or ventilations to cool
Benefits and cost of greenhouses
Easier to keep pest and disease free
It costs money to keep all the conditions just right
What is respiration
The process of tranfering energy from glucose which goes in every cell
What does respiration tranfer energy for
Build up larger molecules from smaller ones
In animals it allows mucked to contract
In mammals and birds it’s used to keep body temp
What is metabolism
Is all the chemical reactions in an organism
In a metabolism reaction what larger molecules are made from smaller
Lots of small glucose molecules join together in reactions to form starch,glycogen,cellulose
Lipids made from one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids
Glucose combined with nitrate ions to make amino acids
In other reactions what larger moles are broken down into smaller
Glucose broken down in respiration
Excess proteins is broken down in a reaction to produce urea
What’s the word equation for aerobic respiration
Glucose+oxygen——carbon dioxide+water
What’s the word equation for anerobic equation and what’s the properties of it
Glucose——lactic acid
Used in emergencies
What’s the word equation for anaerobic equation in plants and yeast
Glucose——ethanol+carbon dioxide
In yeast this is called fermentation
Used in beer and wine making
What happens when you exersize
Breathing rate and volume increase to get more O2 in blood and heart rate increases (this removes co2)
When vigorously exersizing your body can’t supply oxygen to muscles quickly so they have to anerobically respire
This is not the best due to it building up lactic acid causing muscle fatigue
How does anerobic respiration lead to oxygen derby
Oxygen derby is the amount of extra oxygen your body needs to react with the lactic acid and remove it
The pulse and breathing raye stay high whist there at high levels of lactic acid and co2
